Browsing by Author "Alusi, P.M."
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Item Proceedings of the Fifth KETRI Internal Review, 24th - 28th June, 1996(Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, 1996) Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Ndung'u, J.M.; Alusi, P.M.In 1990, the estimated livestock population in Kenya was over 20 million head of cattle, 30 million sheep and goats, and 800,00 camels, three quarters of which were found in the arid and semi-arid lands. Unfortunately 60% of Kenya's range lands, which is about 25% of the land mass, cannot support livestock because of trypanosomiasis, losses of up to 30% are experienced. Trypanosomiasis leads to under - Exploitation of Resources and to a lower level of animals Production Than would be achieved if the if the disease was eliminated. The direct costs of the disease includes mortality, Disease related syndromes, cost of detection, prevention operations and research. Indirect costs include effects of human health, agriculture and livestock production.Item Proceedings of the Fourth KETRI Internal Review, 5th -9th June 1995(Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, 1995) Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Omuse, J.K. (Chairman); Ndung'u, J.M. (Rapporteur General); Alusi, P.M.; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research InstituteThe Fourth Internal Review marked a period of five years since the Strategic Plan was written, and therefore a mid-term review of the Strategic Plan. During the review, a detailed analysis of programmes was carried out and priorities were either re-defined, removed or others added. This formed the basis of reviewing of the Strategic Plan, leading to production of the revised version. The proceedings are set out according to programmes, for which the original priorities are indicated. These are followed by abstracts on work carried out over the last year, and then achievements over the last five years. At the end the review is summarised and recommendations given. Seminars presented at KETRI and publications by KETRI scientists for the year under review are also included.Item Proceedings of the Second KETRI Internal Review, 31st May - 4th June 1993(Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, 1993) Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Omuse, J.K.; Ndung'u, J.M.; Alusi, P.M.; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research InstituteIn 1992, it was found necessary that a self-assessment exercise be carried out, to provide a critical review of progress in all scientific programmes at KETRI. During the exercise, various activities were to be prioritised and, if necessary, refocussed. The First KETRI Annual Scientific Review was held during the first week of June 1992. The second review, which led to production of these proceedings, was held from 31st May to 4th June 1993. The proceedings are in the form of abstracts under each scientific programme, whose priorities are set up at the beginning. At the end of each programme is a list of recommendations that were made during discussions. The proceedings also include a list of seminars held at KETRI and publications for the period June 1992 to May 1993.Item Proceedings of the Third KETRI Internal Review, 6th-10th June 1994(Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, 1994) Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Omuse, J.K. (Chairman); Ndung'u, J.M. (Rapporteur General); Alusi, P.M.; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research InstituteThe Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute (KETRI) was established in 1977, following the demise of the East African Community. It has a mandate "to carry out research in to all aspects that would eventually lead to the effective control of human and animal trypanosomiasis, and to effective reclamation of tsetse infested lands." In the last decade, KETRIS emphasis was infrastructure and staff development as part of its efforts to get a critical mass of researchers to be able to carry out research in fairly well equipped surroundings. In 1990, KETRI drew up a Strategic Plan to help pave its work to the year 2000. The document identified gaps in knowledge about various aspects of trypanosomiasis and its tsetse vector. It described work that was on-going to help solve some of the problems identified, and isolated programme areas and priorities for each programme, forming the basis for the future activities. Following on the Strategic Plan, KETRI has been carrying out regular annual internal scientific reviews, which act as self- assessment exercises. During such reviews, it is determined whether the objectives that had been set are being realised. The reviews have proved an excellent opportunity to define new research areas and to change approaches to research, in the face of new developments during the period under review and resource availability, while at the same time harmonising overall research management in the institute. The third internal scientific review, which has led to the production of these proceedings, was held from 6th to 10th June 1994. The proceedings are in the form of abstracts under each scientific programme, with conclusions and recommendations at the end of the abstracts. A list of seminars held at KETRI and publications for the period May 1993 to September 1994 included at the end.Item Socio-cultural and economic risk factors for human Brucellosis in Lolgorian Division, Trans Mara District(Alusi, P.M. , 2014) Alusi, P.M. ; Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteHuman brucellosis is a severely debilitating disease that requires prolonged treatment resulting in considerable medical expenses and loss of income due to loss of working hours. This study was designed to investigate the socio-cultural and economic risk factors for contracting human brucellosis in Lolgorian division of TransMara district. The overall objective of the study was to investigate the socio-cultural and economic factors that contribute to the risk of contracting human brucellosis. Emphasis was put on the traditional animal husbandry practices, the socio-cultural and dietary practices that contribute to risk of infection and gender roles and responsibilities, all of which contribute to risk of human brucellosis among residents of Lolgorian Division of Trans Mara district. Data were collected in four locations of Lolgorian division. Tools used were structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus Group Discussions. The findings show that the people in this division were aware about the potential of animals transmitting diseases to humans and they knew about the existence of brucellosis and could tell the symptoms both in human and livestock. The interaction between the respondents and their animals played a role in the transmission of brucellosis. The predisposing factors to risk of brucellosis were due to the parturition of animals during abortion and handling hides and skins without protective clothing. The disease was also associated with the fact that most residents lived in close proximity with livestock especially the lambs, kids, calves and the sick animals, which predisposed them to risk of infection through the contaminated environment. Due to the cultural practices of the residents, raw milk is consumed directly from the animals. The people also eat raw meat and drink raw blood directly after a slaughter. These practices are predisposing factors to brucellosis infections. Women and children were seen to be at risk of brucellosis due to the roles that were assigned to them, which were, milking the animals and talking care of the newly born and the sick animals. The study concludes that animal husbandry practices such as keeping animals (especially the young and sick), inside or in close proximity of human houses, movement of animals in search of pasture, livestock breeding practices, mixing of herds, restocking as a result of purchase or acquisition through cultural events contribute to the risk of infection of human brucellosis in Lolgorian division. Slaughtering of animals, processing and trading hides/skins and consumption of raw or improperly cooked livestock products, such as milk, raw blood and meat contributed to the risk of contracting human brucellosis. Gender roles and responsibilities predispose certain genders through different activities to risk of human brucellosis among the residents of Lolgorian division. The study recommends that socio-cultural and economic risk factors for human brucellosis, be incorporated into information, education and communication (ICT) materials. Sensitization and awareness creation campaigns, that include potential risk factors for brucellosis, be carried out among the community of Lolgorian division.Item Spatial–Temporal Variations in Parasitological Prevalence and Host-Related Risk Factors of Camel Trypanosomiasis and Its Vectors in North Eastern Kenya: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study(Hindawi, 2023-04-28) Ogolla, K.O.; Chemuliti, J.K.; Wamwiri, F.N.; Auma, J.E.; Kurgat, R.K.; Wanjala, K.B.; Mugunieri, L.G.; Alusi, P.M.; Mdachi, R.E.; Mukiria, P.W.; Okoth, S.O.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization ; East African Science and Technology Commission (EASTECO)/East African CommunityCamel trypanosomiasis (Surra) is endemic in the Horn of Africa. Understanding the spatiotemporal variations in Surra prevalence, vector dynamics, and host‐related risk factors is important in developing effective control strategies. A repeated cross‐sectional study was conducted to determine the Surra parasitological prevalence, livestock reservoirs, vector density/diversity, and host‐related risk factors in Kenya. Random samples of 847, 1079, and 824 camels were screened at the start of the dry season, peak dry season, and during the rainy season, respectively. Blood samples were examined using the dark ground/phase contrast buffy‐coat technique, and Trypanosoma species were identified based on their movement and morphology in wet and stained thin smears. Reservoir status for Trypanosoma evansi was assessed in 406 cattle and 372 goats. A rainy and dry seasons entomological surveys were conducted to determine the Surra vector abundance/diversity and spatiotemporal density changes. Surra prevalence was 7.1%, 3.4%, and 4.1% at the start of the dry season, peak dry season, and rainy season, respectively. Camel co‐infections by Trypanozoon (T. evansi or Trypanosoma brucei brucei) and Trypanosoma vivax were recorded. Spatial variations in Surra prevalence were recorded at the beginning of dry (X7846,N=2=110.9, p ≤ 0.001), peak dry (X71079,N=2=42.2, p ≤ 0.001), and rainy (X7824,N=2=29.1, p ≤ 0.001) seasons. The screened cattle and goats tested negative for Trypanozoon (T. evansi or T. b. brucei), while two cattle tested positive for Trypanosoma congolense. Biting fly catches were composed of a single species from Tabanus, Atylotus, Philoliche, Chrysops, and Stomoxys genera. The total catches for Philoliche, Chrysops, and Stomoxys were higher in the rainy than dry season consistent with the prevalence results. Surra remains an important camel disease in the region with its prevalence varying in space and time. Camel co‐infections by Trypanozoon (T. evansi or T. b. brucei) and T. vivax necessitate proper diagnosis of suspected cases and targeted therapy.
