Browsing by Author "Amata, R."
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Item Cow Pea Production Training and Extension Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2016-08) Too, A.; Esilaba, A.O.; Bett, B.; Gathambiri, C.; Githunguri, C.; Nyongesa, D.; Nassiuma, E.; Odoyo, E.; Wanjekeche, E.; Wamaitha, J.; Miriti, J.; Wasilwa, L.; Waithaka, M.; Otipa, M.; Likhayo, P.; Kuruma, R.W.; Amata, R.; Ochieng, V.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationCowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is believed to have originated in Africa where a large genetic diversity of wild types occur throughout the continent, particularly southern Africa, however the greatest genetic diversity of cultivated cowpea is found in West Africa. In Kenya, cowpea is an important source of proteins consumed in many households. It is consumed in the form of whole dried seeds or leaves. Cowpea is grown as a green leafy vegetable mainly in Western Kenya and for grain mainly in the dry lands of Eastern, Coast and Nyanza regions. Cowpea grown as a vegetable requires rich soils and high rainfall. In contrast, cowpea grown for grain requires low rainfall and high temperature. 85% of total area under cowpea production in the eastern region of Kenya, is under intercropping systems with maize and or cassava. Cowpea rank second to beans in importance as vegetable protein food crops. The production is mainly at subsistence level by small-holder farmers with low input. The crop is mainly grown by smallholder farmers. However, pests and diseases are major constraints in cowpea production in Kenya. Accuracy in pest and disease identification are important for proper management making it necessary to build the capacity of extension officers and small holder farmers in pest and disease management in orderto minimize losses.Item Green Grams Production Training and Extension Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2016-08) Too, A.; Esilaba, A.; Rono, B.; Bett, B.; Gathambiri, C.; Githunguri, C.; Nyongesa, D.; Macharia, D.; Nassiuma, E.; Odoyo, E.; Wayua, F.; Kamau, G.; Mwathi, J.M.; Miriti, J.; Wasilwa, L.; Wanyama, M.; Waithaka, M.; Otipa, M.; Likhayo, P.; Amata, R.; Ochieng, V.Green grams also known as mung bean, is an erect annual plant which grows to a height of 60-70 cm tall are the more commonly grown in Kenya as compared to black grams. They are common in central and south Nyanza areas, in Machakos and Kitui Counties and at the coast. The two main varieties for the Kenyan market are N26 and KS20 and are differentiated by the colour of seeds. Yellow green grams have bright green seeds while the local green gram seed is small and ripens unevenly. An improved variety (K26) has larger seeds and tends to ripen uniformly, see Table 1. The common names used to refer to green grams are Ndengu or Pojo Ngina. Green grams produces pale yellow flowers borne in clusters of 12–15 near the top of the plant. The flowers develop into cylindrical pods with cylindrical seeds. Pods measure 7.5 cm to 10 cm long and contain 10 to 15 seeds each. Each plant typically produces 30 to 40 pods which turn darker in colour as they mature. The seed colour is in varying shades of yellow to green and black with green and yellow grams being the more common ones in Kenya. The crop is mainly produced by smallholder farmers. However, pests and diseases are major constraints in green grams production in Kenya. Accuracy in pest identification and disease diagnostics are important for proper management of these challenges. It is therefore necessary to build the capacity of extension officers and growers in pest and disease management in order to minimize losses.Item Influence of Soil Types on Citrus Nematode Species Diversity and Abundance Under Varied Ecological Conditions in Kenya(Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 2022-05-21) Kiptoo, J.; Mutisya, D.; Ndegwa, P.; Amata, R.; Irungu, L.; Godfrey, R.; University of Nairobi ; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization ; Machakos University ; Masinde Muliro University of Science and TechnologyPlant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause major crop losses by damaging plant roots and causing reduced absorption of soil nutrient elements. A two-year survey in 2018 and 2019 was conducted in most citrus growing regions in Kenya to assess the abundance, distribution and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes from different soil rhizosphere. Nematode population in 200cc of soil and 5g of roots were collected for PPNs extraction by using modified Baermann’s technique and identification by morphological features. The findings indicated that four major genera were abundant in different citrus growing ecological zones in Kenya. The identified species were Meloidogyne incognita, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Helicotylenchus dihystera and, Pratylenchus brachyurus. The most abundant species in all the surveyed localities was T. semipenetrans. Factor regression analysis results showed that modest rainfall amounts favoured high density populations of PPNs on citrus roots where soil types of Rackers in Baringo and Luvisols, Ferralsols and Cambisols in Machakos County were dominant. Tylenchulus, Meloidogyne and Helicotylenchus species were most abundant in Kitale, Taita-Taveta, Kilifi and Kwale. The results presented here show how possible population density of PPNs in varied soil class types, rainfall amounts and prevailing temperature would be influenced by abiotic factors therein.Item KALRO-KCEP - CRAL Common Dry Beans Extension Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization., 2016-04) Macharia, D.; Waithaka, M.; Esilaba, A.O.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Githunguri, C.; Miriti, J.; Otipa, M.; Too, A.; Bett, B.; Gathambiri, C.; Amata, R.; Nassiuma, E.; Odoyo, E.; Wayua, F.; Karanja, J.K.; Mwathi, J.W.; Likhayo, P.; Ooro, P.A.; Ochieng, V.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationPulses, or grain legumes in general, are an essential source of supplementary protein to daily diets based on cereals and starchy for a predominantly vegetarian population and those who cannot afford expensive animal protein. Pulses are therefore often regarded as poor man’s meat”. They also provide energy, protein, essential minerals, vitamins and several compounds considered beneficial for good health. Their cultivation enriches soil by adding nitrogen, and improves the physical, chemical and biological soil properties. They are also well suited to diverse environments and fit in various cropping systems owing to their wide adaptability, low input requirements, fast growth, nitrogen fixing and weed smothering ability. Their short growing period and photoperiod sensitivity make them suitable for crop intensification and diversification. Notwithstanding their high production potential, their productivity is generally low as these are cultivated on poor lands, with no or little inputs, and are susceptible to several abiotic and biotic stresses.Item KCEP - CRAL Green Grams Extension Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2019-04) Macharia, D.; Waithaka, M.; Otipa, M.; Nassiuma, E.; Esilaba, A.O.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Githunguri, C.; Miriti, J.; Too, A.; Bett, B.; Gathambiri, C.; Amata, R.; Odoyo, E.; Wayua, F.; Karanja, J.K.; Mwathi, J.W.; Likhayo, P.; Ooro, P.A.; Kamau, G.M.; Ochieng, V.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationPulses, or grain legumes in general, are an essential source of supplementary protein. They also provide energy, protein, essential minerals, vitamins and several compounds considered beneficial for good health. Their cultivation enriches soil by adding nitrogen, and improves the physical, chemical and biological soil properties. They are also well suited to diverse environments and fit in various cropping systems owing to their wide adaptability, low input requirements, fast growth, nitrogen fixing and weed smothering ability. Their short growing period and photoperiod sensitivity make them suitable for crop intensification and diversification. Not withstanding their high production potential, their productivity is generally low as these are cultivated on poor lands, with no or little inputs, and are susceptible to several abiotic and biotic stresses.Green gram (Vigna radiata L.) also known as Mung bean and in Kiswahili Ndengu is one of the potential food and cash crop pulses that have been observed to perform well in the arid regions of Kenya. The crop is commonly grown in central, south Nyanza, eastern and coastal regions. Its edible grain is characterized by good digestibility, flavor, high and easily digestible protein content and absence of any flatulence effects (Ahmed et al., 2001). Its seed contains contain approximately 374Kcal, 23.9% protein, 1.2% fat, 16.3% dietary fiber, 4.5-5.5% ash, 63% carbohydrates on dry weight basis. It’s also a crucial source of vitamins A and B complex and generous amounts of micro-nutrients such as iron and zinc which are deficient in diets among the poor, particularly pregnant women and children in Africa (Swaminathan et. al., 2012).Item Zero Energy Brick Cooler (ZEBC)(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), 2024) Wayua, F.; Okoko, N.; Amata, R.; Nyaga, T.; Nyonje, W.; Cheboswony, R.; Gathambiri, C.; Wasilwa, L.It is a low cost postharvest temperature manage-ment that improves the shelf-life of banana using less power. Its evaporative cooler works on the principle of cooling resulting from evaporation of water from the surface of porous materials such as sand or bricks. Hot dry air is drawn over the porous material. The water evaporates into the air using latent heat of evaporation, raising its humidity and at the same time reducing the temperature of the air within the chamber compared to the ambient (environment) temperature.
