Browsing by Author "Githiori, J.B."
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Item Establishment of a partly DFMO-sensitive primate model of Trypanosoma rhodesiense sleeping sickness(1995) Burudi, E.M.E.; Karanja, S.M.; Njue, A.I.; Githiori, J.B.; Ndungu, J.M.; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute (KETRI), Kikuyu.Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) caused by Tb. rhodesiense occurs mainly in Eastern and Central Africa (Manson-Bahr and Bell, 1989). Unlike the West African form caused by Tb. gambiense that manifests as a chronic disease, the East African type is an acute complex of syndromes lasting less than a year. It has a three-phase course; first as the haemo-stage when parasites are in blood circulation with no central nervous system (CNS) invasion, then the second phase which is a transitional one when the parasites are present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with no CNS parenchymal infection and, thirdly the late stage, also called the meningoencephalitic phase, when the CNS parenchyma is invaded by parasites. For the management of the haemo-phase of the disease, suramin is the drug of choice for Tb. rhodesiense and Tb. gambiense infections whereas pentamidine may also be used in early Tb. gambiense infections. The late stage form is dependent on melarsoprol (Gutteridge, 1985). Treatment with melarsoprol is often associated with a potentially fatal and unpredictable encephalopathy in 5-10% of patients.Item Trypanosomosis and Helminthosis in Camels: Comparison of Ranch and Traditional Camel Management Systems in Kenya(2002) Njiru, Z.K.; Bett, B.; Ole-Mapeny, I.M.; Githiori, J.B.; Ndungu, J.M.; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Kenya Traypanosomiasis Research Institute (KETRI), P.O.Box 362, Kikuyu, KenyaTwo camel rearing systems were compared, using trypanosomiasis and helminthosis prevalence as indicators of disease constraint. Biting flies were trapped to assess their role in transmission of trypanosomiasis. Data was collected during the wet and dry seasons. The prevalences of trypanosomiasis were 17.65 and 8.5% in ranch and traditional systems, respectively, and varied with age, sex and season. On average, single helminthic infection (67.3%) was higher than mixed infection (32.7%) in both systems, while Trichostrongylus spp. were the most prevalent. The mean egg count per gram of faeces (epg) was 220±78.20 and 1750±102.67 in ranch and traditional systems, respectively. The ranch camels required more veterinary attention than the traditionally grazed ones. The biting flies caught consisted of Haematobia minuta (94.8%), Tabanus taeniola (4%) and Hippobosca camelina and H. variegata (1.2%). Most flies were caught during the wet season and around the camel sheds. From this study, it appears that camels kept under ranch management have a higher disease burden than those kept in a traditional system.
