Browsing by Author "Ithinji, G.D."
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Item A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey on Status of Foot and Mouth Disease in Eastern Kenya(Kenya Agriculture Research Institute, 2015) Muturi, J.M.; Ithinji, G.D.; Ndirangu, P.N.; Ireri, R.G.A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the farmers and veterinary service providers as well as factors that continue to trigger foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in Eastem Kenya. Questionnaires were administered to animal health service providers and livestock fanners. A total of 91 animal health service providers and 106 livestock farmers were interviewed. Livestock farmers ranked diseases as their greatest constraint followed by unavailability of feeds and high cost of inputs. Out of 91 service providers interviewed, 85/91 (93%) reported East Coast Fever as most commonly treated followed by Anaplasmosis 82/91 (90%), Mastitis 74/91 (81%), Pneumonia 73/91 (80%) and Foot and Mouth Disease 31/91 (34%). Eighty six (95%) animal health service providers had handled cases of FMD and 1011106 (95%) of the farmers had encountered FMD in their farms. All the fanners who had an experience with the disease repol1ed that it affected cattle while 111101 (11%), 8/101 (8%) and 1/101 (1%) rep0l1ed that it also affected goats, sheep and pigs respectively. Farmers rep0l1ed that FMD is more severe among the adults of exotic cattle breeds than in young ones. In addition, 43/106 (41%) repOl1ed that the disease outbreaks lead to mortalities.Item A cross-sectional questionnaire survey on status of foot and mouth disease in Eastern Kenya(veterinary Record, 2013) Ithinji, G.D.; Ndirangu, P.N.; Muturi, J.M.; Ireri, R.G.A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the farmers and veterinary service providers as well as factors that continue to trigger foot and mouth disease(FMD)outbreaks in Eastern Kenya using questionnaires. A total of ninety one animal health service providers and one hundred and six livestock farmers were interviewed.Item Evaluation of Protective Efficacy of Inactivated Thermostable Vaccine Against Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus(Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2023-05) Muriuki, N.P.; Ithinji, G.D.; Nyamache, A.K.; Ateya, L.; Binepal, Y.S.; Wasonga, C.; Lutomiah, J.; Kiraithe, M.M.; Kenyatta University ; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) ; University of Nairobi ; Kenya Medical Research Institute ; Kenya Veterinary Vaccine Production Institute (KEVEVAPI)Sheep and goats (n= 4/group) were inoculated with thermos-stabilized inactivated Nairobi sheep disease virus vaccine. Four unvaccinated animals for each group were kept as control. Vaccinated groups were given a booster vaccine dose 21 days later. Immune response was monitored by neutralizing antibody titers were determined by micro-plaque reduction neutralization test and confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. Two doses of the inactivated vaccine stimulated a strong immune response in the vaccinated animals. The vaccinated and mock group were challenged with virulent 1473 strain of the Nairobi sheep disease virus. All animals developed fever and viremia with varying degrees between sheep and goats post challenge. Mock vaccinated sheep developed high viremia levels relative to the vaccinated group and developed severe disease. In contrast, mock vaccinated goats showed a slight temperature compared to vaccinated goats. After challenge, two control sheep died from the disease whereas the vaccinated sheep survived. Vaccinated sheep suffered mild to moderate clinical reactions with pyrexia. Formalin inactivated vaccine fully protected the animals against the lethal 1473 challenge virus.Item Improving delivery of peste des petits ruminants vaccine in Kenya(2015) Ireri, R.G.; Wachira, J.; Ithinji, G.D.Peste des Petis ruminatns(PPR), a highly contagious infectious and enonomically significant viral diseases of sheep and goats is endemic in Kenya and has no specific treatment. Control of PPR outbreaks relies on movement controls and vaccination. Currently, vaccination is done using a live attenuated vaccine which is heat labile. This necessitates maintanance of a cold chain. An experimetn was conducted to address this drawback by producing a thermo-tolerant vacine containing trehalose as astabilizer.
