Browsing by Author "Karanja, J."
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Item Alectra Weed: A threat to Cowpea(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 2010) Kenya Agricultural Research Institute; Karanja, J.; Nguluu, S.Cassava is an important food crop and source of carbohydrate in dry-lands of Eastern Kenya. Production is low due to inadequate soil moisture and lack of technologies. This leaflet provides guidelines on improving productionItem Boosting Milk Production and Income for Farm Families: The Adoption of Calliandra Calothyrsus as a Fodder Tree in Embu District, Kenya(1996) Franzel, S.; Arimi, H.; Karanja, J.; Mureithi, F.The paper highlights the importance of accounting for socio-economic issues in agroforestry extension. It raises questions about how socio-economic issues can be institutionalised into forestry extension approaches. Forestry extension aims to assist people to improve their socio-economic livelihoods and welfare, and forestry opportunities and needs are determined by their socio-economic situations. A socio-economic approach forms the basis of successful forestry extension. Socio-economic issues also concern the environment within which people live and act. People's socio-economic situations depend on such variables as wealth, income, food security, demography, employment, labour, cultural norms and land tenure. Different groups and individuals have different socio-economic attributes and varying needs for forestry. They also have varying abilities to practise it on their farms. This, agroforestry extension must be targeted to its clients' different socio-economic situations and their accompanying needs, problems and opportunities. Clients' participation in the whole forestry process forms a crucial part of this perspective.Item Economic Impact of DroughtTego Hybrid Maize in Kenya(Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 2021-07-31) Kyalo, D.W.; Macharia, I.; Marechera, G.; Muinga, G.; Mugo, S.; Rotich, R.; Oniango, R.; Karanja, J.; African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF) ; Kenyatta University ; Rural Outreach Program (ROP) ; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)This paper utilizes the Economic Surplus Model (ESM) to provide an ex-post evaluation of the economic impact of drought tolerant hybrid maize technology in Kenya. Results indicate that the adoption of DroughtTEGO ® varieties will generate economic benefit to producers with a net present value of US$ 2.1 billion over a 20-year period. These benefits are sustainable when adoption levels remain above 32% and yield advantage at least 21% over the commercial hybrids. These results present a compelling reason for investing in development, deployment and upscaling of the technology to mitigate the effects of drought among maize producers in Africa.Item Incidence of Potentially Toxigenic Fungi and Aflatoxin in Maize (Zea mays L.) Infected by Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in Bomet, Narok, and Nakuru Counties of Kenya(Researchjournali's Journal Of Agriculture, 2021-02) Mwasame, E.N.; Maina, M.; Taracha, C.; Karanja, J.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Biotechnology Centre ; Kenyatta UniversityMaize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) is one of the most important biotic factors limiting maize productivity. MLND is believed to increase concomitant fungal infections that cause food poisoning in humans and livestock. This study aimed to establish the relationship between MLND and the associated fungal infections. Fifty four maize grain samples were obtained from three experimental sites in Bomet, Narok and Nakuru Counties during the maize growing seasons of 2019. A complete randomized experimental design with three replicates was applied using six hybrid maize varieties classified as resistant, tolerant and susceptible to MLND. The resistant varieties were KATEH16-02-R and DK777, tolerant (WE5135and WE5140), and the susceptible varieties (DUMA 43 and PH30G-20).Fungal colonies were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium amended with 25μg/l of streptomycin and tetracycline. Characterization of the fungal species was based on morphological and microscopic characterization. A total of 1861 fungal isolates were recovered from the samples, representing 82.25% Fusarium verticilliodes, 15.80% of Penicillium species 1.44% of Aspergillus flavus, 0.48% of Aspergillus niger and 0.2% of Aspergillus parasiticus. Fusarium was the most predominant fungi in all three study sites, with a mean relative density of 86%. Using Enzyme Linked Immunorbent Assay (ELIZA) method, Aflatoxin concentration levels of between 0.3 and 2.8 μg/kg were detected in 38.89 % of the samples. A significant positive correlation was established between MLND and aflatoxin levels (r=0.7441, p<0.001). These findings provide critical information on concomitant fungal species infection in maize infected with MLND and the potential risk of aflatoxins. Therefore there is a need to create awareness to the public about the detrimental effects of consuming MLND infected maize by both human and animals.Item KALRO-KCEP Climate Smart Agriculture Training and Extension Manual(Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)., 2016-04) Okoti, M.; Esilaba, A.O.; Ketiem, P.K.; Mutoko, C.; Kimani, S.; Mwathi, J.W.; Githunguri, C.; Nyongesa, D.; Miriti, J.; Nassiuma, E.; Gitari, J.; Ooro, P.A.; Murage, P.M.; Murage, P.M.; Koech, M.; Thuranira, E.; Ashiono, G.; Rono, B.; Kamau, G.; Njaimwe, A.; Gachuki, P.; Maina, I.; Masinde, W.; Macharia, D.; Waithaka, M.; Barkutwo, J.; Mwenda, M.; Ringera, J.M.; Onyango, E.M.; Karanja, J.; Kamidi, M.; Wanjekeche, E.; Woyengo, V.; Odendo, M.; Kipkemoi, P.L.; Magiroi, K.N.; Mwangi, H.; Chebosonwy, R.; Macharia, M.; Wanyonyi, M.; Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)A significant variation either in the mean state of the climate or its variability, persisting for a period not less than 30 years. Climate change and variability is attributed to both natural and man-made induced causes. In the last 2 decades, causes attributed directly or indirectly to human activity have significantly altered the climate system through the greenhouse gas emissions. It is now evident that the globe is warming and the mean surface temperature has tremendously increased.Item KALRO-KCEP Curriculum for Training of Trainers(Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization, 2016-03) Esilaba, A.O.; Githunguri, C.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Miriti, J.; Nassiuma, E; Wamaitha, M.; Kamau, G.; Kimani, S.; Karanja, J.; Macharia, D.; Njaimwe, A.; Gachuki, P.; Rono, B.; Mutoko, C.; Masinde, W.; Gitari, J.; Ooro, P.A.; Murage, P.M.; Kamidi, M.; Mwenda, M.; Waithaka, M.; Ketiem, P.K.; Maina, I.; Ringera, J.M.; Wanjekeche, E.; Gitari, I.; Masilia, P.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationThe KCEP specific objectives are to support smallholder farmers’ graduate from subsistence to commercial agriculture, enhance post-production management practices and develop market linkages for targeted value chains. Among various other programme roles, KALRO is responsible for the development and, updating of extension materials and guidelines in addition to building the capacity of key stakeholders. Eight training of trainers’ (TOT) workshops covering Nakuru, Kakamega, Nandi, Trans-Nzoia, Bungoma, Machakos, Makueni and Tharaka Nithi counties have been designed to build the capacity of lead farmers, extension agents and service providers who will in turn train the farmers in their respective areas. This curriculum has been developed to guide facilitators who will be involved in the ToTs program planned for the various project areas. The training will be accomplished through lectures, field exercises, practical sessions, role-plays and other adult learning techniques. The curriculum describes the step by step process that will be followed to train on farming as a business (FAB), climate smart agriculture (CSA), soil fertility management, Maize, millet (Pearl and finger) and sorghum and pulses (beans) production and marketing in Kenya.Item KALRO-KCEP Farming as Business Training and Extension Manual(Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), 2016-04) Rono, B.; Nyongesa, D.; Esilaba, A.O.; Masinde, W.; Mutoko, C.; Mwenda, M.; Waithaka, M.; Mwathi, J.W.; Githunguri, C.; Okoti, M.; Nassiuma, E.; Miriti, J.; Maina, I.; Ketiem, P.K.; Kamidi, M.; Wanjekeche, E.; Woyengo, V.; Odendo, M.; Kipkemoi, P.L.; Magiroi, K.N.; Mwangi, H.; Chebosonwy, R.; Macharia, M.; Wanyonyi, M.; Gitari, J.; Ooro, P.A.; Murage, P.M.; Koech, M.; Thuranira, E.; Ashiono, G.; Kamau, G.; Njaimwe, A.; Gachuki, P.; Macharia, D.; Barkutwo, J.; Ringera, J.M.; Onyango, E.M.; Karanja, J.; Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research OrganizationMost farmers are subsistence oriented and mainly strive to produce food for their households only. However, farmers play a great role, including contributing to food and nutrition security and generating income for their household needs. There is therefore a great need to empower farmers increased participation in embracing farming as a business. A business is viewed as a commercial activity, which operates with the intention of making a profit, by provision of services or commodities to meet needs and wants of customers. This requires changing the mind-set of most farmers from producing only for subsistence use to becoming commercially oriented.Item KALRO-KCEP Soil Fertility Management Training and Extension Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2016-04) Miriti, J.; Nassiuma, E.; Gitari, J.; Murage, P.M.; Koech, M.; Thuranira, E.; Ashiono, G.; Esilaba, A.O.; Mwathi, J.W.; Nyongesa, D.; Githunguri, C.; Okoti, M.; Rono, B.; Ketiem, P.K.; Kimani, S.; Kamau, G.; Njaimwe, A.; Gachuki, P.; Maina, I.; Mutoko, C.; Masinde, W.; Macharia, D.; Waithaka, M.; Barkutwo, J.; Mwenda, M.; Ringera, J.M.; Ooro, P.A.; Onyango, E.M.; Karanja, J.; Kamidi, M.; Wanjekeche, E.; Woyengo, V.; Odendo, M.; Kipkemoi, P.L.; Magiroi, K.N.; Mwangi, H.; Chebosonwy, R.; Macharia, M.; Wanyonyi, M.Soil is composed of mineral particles, weathering products of the parent material, and organic matter, (e.g. residues from plants and animals), air and soil water. The solid particles are categorized size into: gravel and stones (>2 mm in diameter), sand (2.0 to 0.02 mm), silt (0.02 to 0.002 mm) and clay (< 0.002 mm). Soil properties are dependent on the relative composition and arrangement of soil particles.l texture is the relative proportions of sand, silt and clay contained in a soil. Soils are described as sands, sandy loams, loams, clay loams, clays depending on their texture.
