Browsing by Author "Keya, N.C.O."
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Item The Establishment of Desirable Grass/Legume Mixtures in Unimproved Grassland by Planting Root Splits(1972) Olsen, F.J.; Keya, N.C.O.; HoUidayt, R.Desnzodium intortum Urb; D. uncinatum Jacq. and Trifolium semipilosum Fres. Were established in unimproved grassland of western Kenya by planting root splits. A better legume survival was achieved when legume seedlings in jiffy pots were planted. Stylosanthes gracilis H.B.K., failed to establish rom root splits but established when legume seedlings in jiffy pots were planted. The Desmodium spp. made up 34-43 per cent of the botanical composition 10 months after planting and increased the total dry matter and crude protein significantly in the establishment year. Root splits of Cynodon dactylon L., Setaria sphacelafa (Schumach) Stapf and Chloris gayana Kunth. were also planted in unimproved grassland. Sixteen months after planting, the contribution of these grasses to the total herbage production was negligible.Item Over sowing Improved Pasture Legumes In Natural Grasslands Of The Medium Altitudes Of Western Kenya(1971) Holliday, R.*,; Keya, N.C.O.; Olsen, F.J.*About 1,360,000 hectares (approx, 5,420sq. m!.) in the high potential agricultural areas of the medium altitudes of western Kenya (Brown, 1963), at an elevation of about 1,200-2,100 m. (4,000-7,000 ft.) above sea level, lie in natural vegetation described by Edwards and Bogdan (1951) as Combretll1nI Hyparrhenia grasslands. These grasslands. Are dominated by coarse, stemmy grasses (Edwards and Bogdan, 1951; Bogdanand Kidner, 1967) which are low in nutritive value (Dougall and Bogdan, 1958, 1960 and 1965) and dry-matter yield (Poultney, 1959) resulting in low animal production (Bogdan and Kidner, 1967). The rainfall pattern in most areas of western Kenya is reliable (Kenworthy, 1958) and favorable for pasture growth. However, the natural cover is undesirable for good animal production.Item Oversowing Improved Pasture Legumes in Natural Grasslands of the Medium Altitudes of Western Kenya(1971) Keya, N.C.O.; Olsen, F. J.Four tropical legumes (Desmodium uncinatum Jacq., D. intortum Urb., Trifolium semipilosum Fres. var. glabrescens Gillet and Stylosanthes gracilis H.B.K.) and four g,rasses (Chloris gayana Kunth., Panicum maximum Jacq., Setaria sphacelata (Schumach) Stapf and C. E. Hubbard ex-Moss, and Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pres. were oversown in the Hyparrhenia/Combretum natural grassland of western Kenya and top-dressed with single superphosphate.Item Studies on oversowing of natural grassland’s III. The seeding rates for the establishment of desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC when oversown or sod-seeded in hyparrhenia grassland(1975) Keya, N.C.O.; van Eijnatten, C.L.M.; National Agricultural Research Station, Kitale, KenyaThe possibility of legume establishment by oversowing in permanent grassland under Kenya conditions has been demonstrated (Keya. Olsen and Holliday 1971a. 1971b, 1972. Keya and Kalangi 1973). Oversowing in this context has involved the broadcasting of legume seed mixed with superphosphate in the untreated permanent grassland. However, where grassland was tall and/or dense. cattle were confined to the oversown site for several days to ensure contact between the legume seed and the soil.Item Studies on Oversowing of Natural Grasslands in Kenya 1. The Effects of Seed Threshing, Scarification and Storage on the Germination of Desmodium Uncinatum (Jacq.) DC.(1975) Keya, N.C.O.; Eijnatten, C.L.M.; National Agricultural Research Station, Kitale, KenyaThe seeds of many plant species pass through a period of dormancy soon after maturation. They do not germinate at this time even when conditions of moisture, aeration and temperature are favourable. The cause may be of a physiological nature, but particularly in legumes, is often due to an impervious seed coat preventing the entry of water (Hyde 1954) or of oxygen and carbon dioxide (Brown 1960). In many legumes this is coupled with the occurrence of chemical growth inhibitors (Nutile 1945). The mechanical removal or scarification of the seed coat usually aids the germination of "hard" seeds. Physiological seed dormancy may also be broken by exposure to light, low or high temperatures and chemicals such as chloroform and sulphuric acid.Item Studies on Oversowing of Natural Grasslands: III. The Seeding Rates for the Establishment of Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC When Oversown or Sod-Seeded in Hyparrhenia Grassland(1975) Keya, N.C.O.; van Eijnatten, C.L.M.; National Agricultural Research Station, Kitale, KenyaThe possibility of legume establishment by oversowing in permanent grassland under Kenya conditions has been demonstrated (Keya, Olsen and Holliday 1971a, 1971b, 1972, Keya and Kalangi 1973). Oversowing in this context has involved the broadcasting of legume seed mixed with superphosphate in the perphosph untreated permanent grassland. However, where grassland was tall and/or dense, cattle were confined to the oversown site for several days to ensure contact between the legume seed and the soil. Sod-seeding on the other hand involves the drilling of seed into grassland without preliminary cultivations and consists of the placement of seed (and fertilizer) in the furrows or slits in the sward formed by coulters of a sod seeding machine. Improvement of permanent grassland with legumes has been reported in New Zealand (Cross and Glenday 1956, Robinson and Cross 1960 and White 1970), Australia (Warboys 1966) and North America (van Keuren, Triplette and Myers 1972). The types of machinery required for effective grass-land pre-treatment prior to sod-seeding have been discussed by Warboys (1963).
