Browsing by Author "Kipronoh, A.K."
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Item The Epidemiology and Control of East Coast fever and other Vector-borne Diseases: Perceptions of the Pastoral Communities in Northern Rift Valley Province, Kenya(Axendar Kipruto K, 2009) Kipronoh, A.K.A participatory epidemiological study was conducted among the Pokot and Tugen communities in Northern Rift Valley, Kenya, to assess the status of tick-borne infections and obtain livestock keepers' perceptions of how the diseases impact on livelihoods in pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems. In addition a serological survey wa scarried out to assess antibody prevalence of priority vector-borne diseases namely ECF, Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis, as perceived by the livestock keepers and serum samples were collected from 190 animals of all age groups. Only calves over 4 months of age were sampled to avoid confusion with passively transferred colostral antibodies. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared from the marginal ear vein of all the animals bled. Lymph node biopsy smears were also collected from animals suspected to be sick based on symptoms of disease for microscopic examination. Whole body tick counts were carried out on cattle selected for sampling and tick samples were collected for identification and assessment of infection prevalence.Item Prevalence of Bovine Mastitis and Antimicrobial Sensitivities of the Bacterial Causes in Smallholder Farms of Kisumu County, Kenya(Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS), 2022) Ndirangu, P.N.; Kipronoh, A.K.; Mungube, E.O.; Ogali, I.N.; Omwenga, S.G.; Ndung'u, D.N.; Maichomo, M.W.; Kenya Agricultural Research and Livestock Organization (KALRO)Prevalence of bovine mastitis in Kisumu County, risk factors and antibiotic sensitivities of the causative bacteria were determined in this cross-sectional study. Sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) was diagnosed using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Risk factors were identified through the administration of 64 questionnaires and assessment of 134 lactating cows. Bacteria were identified by culturing 72CMT-positive udder quarter milk samples and their sensitivities to antibiotics investigated using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. Only SCM was detected and had cow level prevalence of 33%(44/134). Prevalence of SCM was significantly (p< 0.05) higher in cows under complete and semizero grazing systems, at mid lactation, those pregnant and with parity of 1–3. Staphylococcus species was the most common (63.8%, n= 58) isolate. Other isolates were E. coli (13.8%), Streptococcus species (12.1%) and Pseudomonas (5.2%). Staphylococcus and Streptococcus isolates were 100% sensitive to streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol. Additionally, Streptococcus species were 100% sensitive to ampicillin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. Staphylococcus species had developed varying levels of resistance against sulfamethoxazole, cotrimoxazole, ampicillin and tetracycline. Streptococcus species was 100% resistant to sulfamethoxazole. A significantly high SCM prevalence was reported in this study thus an appropriate control strategy is needed that consists of awareness creation, good milking hygiene practices, teat disinfection, regular screening for SCM and preventing spread of mastitis in the herd by milking infected cow (s) last.
