Browsing by Author "Kockum, S."
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Item Control of insects attacking maize on the cob in crib stores(1958) Kockum, S.; Department of Maize and Produce Control, KenyaThe climatic conditions in Kenya normally prevent maize from drying out sufficiently in the field to allow immediate shelling. At harvest time the husk is removed and the maize on the cobs is stored in cribs until dry enough for shelling and delivery. For this and various other reasons the harvested crop is often kept in this manner for six to eight months or even longer. During this storage time on the farm before any control methods were introduced, ideal conditions existed for many pests to increase to large numbers causing considerable losses in weight and quality. In 1952 the Agricultural Department of Kenya made an investigation (unpublished) of losses in crib storage. Six untreated farm cribs in different districts were shelled out after four months, and six further untreated cribs were shelled out after six months. After correction for changes in moisture content the average weight loss during storage was found to be 9.6 per cent after four months and 23.1 percent after six months. Calandra oryzae L. and sitotroga cerealella Olivo attack the growing crop, but build up mainly in the stores. From the cribs and stores these pests may spread to adjoining maize fields and to other grain crops such as wheat, barley and sorghum. The importance of reducing these enormous losses and preventing the pests from contaminating the growing crops has long been realizedItem Crib Storage of Maize a Trial with Pyrethrum and Lindane Formulations(1965) Kockum, S.A crib storage experiment was carried out during 1961 on insecticide treatments of maize on the cob at the National Agricultural Laboratories in Nairobi.Item Grazing Evaluation Based on a Scandinavian System(Taylor & Francis, 1948) Kockum, S.; Kiambu, KenyaDairy farming in East Africa has reached a point of development when on many farms a more correct knowledge of the feeding value of the pastures is required. Without such knowledge, based on real records, proper use of land is very difficult. Most of our cattle are entirely dependent on grazing and it is not good enough to say," this land is able to keep one cow to one acre" or" one cow to ten acres". A cow is not a good standard of measurement, bui the use of starch equivalent values in this respect is better and much more accurate. In English handbooks we find figures and tables for the purpose of computing feed rations, but few figures are given which can be used for grazing evaluation. This means the opposite of computing a balanced ration. Here the ration is entirely obtained by grazing, however unbalanced it may be, and we want to know its energy value expressed in starch equivalent. In Scandinavia, however, we find standards for this purpose, worked out by the late Professor L. Fredriksen, which were adopted by the Nordic Agricultural Scientists' Association at their congress in Copenhagen in 1935, and which are used in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Iceland. The methods used in these countries are well worth studying, as they have raised the output of dairy products by more than 25 per cent during the last 50 years and at the same time have lowered the feed consumption. The statistical material available to the Scandinavian scientists is immense. Over one million cows were under continuous observation during the years between the two world wars. Complete records have been kept of the food consumed and the quantity and fat percentage of milk produced. This work is performed by the cow-testing associations, which were first started in 1895.Item Protection of cob maize stored in cribs(1953/1954) Kockum, S.A crib experiment with dust treatments of cob maize showed that a treatment with 8 oz. of 0.4 per cent gamma BHC in diatomite to 9 cu. ft. of cob maize provides an almost complete protection against insect damage over six months. A product containing pyrethrum in diatomite also gave good results. The distributionof damage and the moisture content in the crib with different treatments is shortly discussed.
