Browsing by Author "Krafsur, E.S."
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Item The Influence of Temporal and Seasonal Changes on Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Thee Tsetse Fly, Glossina Pallidipes in Kenya(2010) Ouma, J.O.; Krafsur, E.S.; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (TRC); USPSH-NIH grans AI- 524560, International Atomic Energy(IAEA)The Tsetse fly. Glossina pallidipes. (Diptera: Glossinidae) is an important vector of animal trypanosomiasis It has also been implicated in the transmission of pathogens that cause human AfricanTrypanosomiasis. Understanding how C. pallidipes populations vary temporally is necessary for effective intervention. Temporal variation in allele frequencies at eight microsatellite loci was assessed by sampling local populations of C. pallidipes. Samplings were carried out in 2000, 200 I, and 2003 in the Lambwe Valley and Nguruman areas in Kenya. Six polymorphic loci were scored. ABele frequencies were homogenous between seasons. Genetic differentiation was higher among dry season samples (F, r = 0.051, C" = 0.047) than wetseason samples (F" = 0.041, C" = 0.037). Differentiation between pooled dry season and pooled wet season samples did not differ (F; r = 0.008, C" = 0.004). Analysis of variance revealed no substantial genetic subdivision in seasons or years. It is concluded that C. pallidipes populations are more aggregated during the dry season, resulting in stronger measures of genetic differentiation when compared with wet seasons. However, season and time had no effect, indicating relative stability of C. pallidipes populations. Thus, strategies for suppression of G. pallidipes in the country should adopt measures that may not reduce effectiveness in different times of the year.Item Structure of some East African Glossina fuscipes fuscipes populations(2008) Krafsur, E.S.; Marquez, J.G.; Ouma, J.O.; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A.,Glossinafuscipesfuscipes Newstead 1910 (Diptera: Glossinidae) is the primary vector of human sleeping sickness in Kenya and Uganda. This is the first report on its population structure. A total of 688 nucleotides of mitochondrial ribosomal 16S2 and cytochrome oxidase I genes were sequenced. Twenty-one variants were scored in 79 flies from three geographically diverse natural populations. Four haplotypes were shared among populations, eight were private and nine were singletons. The mean haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.84 and 0.009, respectively. All populations were genetically differentiated and were at demographic equilibrium. In addition, a long standing laboratory culture originating from the Central African Republic (CAR-lab) in 1986 (or before) was examined. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities in this culture were 0.95 and 0.012, respectively. None of its 27 haplotypes were shared with the East African populations. A first approximation of relative effective population sizes was Uganda> CAR-lab> Kenya. It was concluded that the structure of G. f fuscipes populations in East Africa is localized.
