Browsing by Author "Mailu, A.M."
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Item Biotechnology in Kenya, Proceedings of the National Conference on Plant and Animal Biotechnology 1990(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 1990) Mailu, A.M.; Mugah, J.O.; Fungog, P.O.; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute; Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteThe Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) has the national mandate to develop appropriate technologies geared to solving priority productivity constraints facing crop and livestock farmers in this country. KARI has a long history of agricultural research, and considerable achievements have been attained over the years using conventional technologies. A modest start has been made in biotechnology research in KARl centres over the last few years. What is evident from this experience is that biotechnology needs to be focused on the agricultural problems to be solved, and the products and processes required to solve them, rather than on the new technology itself.Item Establishment of pine woolly aphid, Pineus pini (Gmelin) (Adelgidae) on some host trees in Kenya(1982) Mailu, A.M.; Khamala, C.P.M.; Rose, D.J.W.; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute; C.P.M. Khamala Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi; D.J.W. Rose Centre for Overseas Pest Research, U.K.The establishment of Pineus pini (Gmelin) on six common Pinus species is examined with references to possible causes for observed differences in the rates of infestations, on the different host species. Pine woolly aphid crawlers are positively Apoptotic, but do not settle onto surface exposed to strong light. They appear negatively photostatic to strong light and consequently tend to settle in hidden and tight crevices. The undersides of lateral branches which receive only moderate light tend to harbor a higher concentration of aphids than the upper surfaces. Possibly, positive thigmotaxis and' negative phototaxis operate together, tending to bring crawlers into situations satisfying feeding and thigmotactic instincts.Item Evaluation of Pine Woolly Aphid Damace to pinus patula and its effect on yield in Kenya(1978) Mailu, A.M.; Khamala, C.P.M.; Rose, D.J.W.; Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteThe pine woolly aphid, Pineu pini (L.) is currently regarded as one of the most serious pests of exotic pines in Kenya. Odena (1972) has described the basic life history of this pest, but 'its impact on Pinus is essentially unknown. Its distribution is widespread in Kenya, as well as in Rhodesia. The first sign of damage is stunted needles, followed by abortion of buds. The effects of repeated attacks are cumulative so that growth reduction, tree deformity and at times 'outright tree mortality are encountered.Item Kari Narp 11 Project Preparation Report 1995(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 1995) Abate, A.N.; Cheruiyot, H.K.; Kimani, L.W.; Kiome, R.M.; Hinga, G.; Madumadu, G.G.; Mailu, A.M.; Matata, J.B.W.; Mbabu, A. ; Muchena, F.N.; Mulandi, J.C.; Mulandi, J.C.; Ngundo, B.W.; Wandera, J.K.; Oketch, A.G.O.; Kamau, C.R.; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute; ODA; Rockfeller Foundation; World Bank; Royal Netherlands Embassy; USAIDAlthough most sectors of Kenya's economy have developed considerably over the last fewd ecades, the agricultural sector still remains the mainstay of Kenya's economy. Kenya still relies heavily on the agricultural sector- for generation of income, employment, foreign exchange earnings and the provision of raw materials for the industrial sector. The priority of Kenya's agricultural policy is to achieve internal self sufficiency in food supply, to maintain adequate levels of strategic food reserves and to generate a surplus of .crop and livestock produce for export. In 1990 the sector accounted for 28.2% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It employs over 70% of the rural workforce and generates about 64% of export earnings. Between 1985 and 1990 agriculture grew at an average rate of 4.1 % per annum but stagnated at 2% in 1992 and 1993 (GoK, 1994). Given major constraints posed by rapid human population increases and scarcity of arable land, accelerated agricultural growth can only be achieved by increasing the productivity of the fixed land base. The growth requires development of production incentives, services and institutions needed to encourage innovation and investment.Item Population dynamics of pine woolly aphid, Pineus pini (Gmelin) (Hemiptera Adelgidae), in Kenya(1980) Khamala, C.P.M.; Mailu, A.M.; Rose, D.J.W.The population dynamics of Pineus pini (Gmel.) was examined in two locations in the Kenya Highlands where the mean annual precipitation ranges from 620 to 1400 mm. Variations in population densities were related to rainfall. Generally, there was a marked decrease in population during the three months of heavy rainfall in March to May and a significant increase during dry weather from August to October. This was followed by a slight decrease in the rate of population build-up, until the long rains in April again resulted in another population collapse. Nine species of predatory insects were identified, and population fluctuations of the most common of these, Exochomus spp., was studied. Predators seemed to remove about 12% of the aphid population. Other mortality factors included heat and crawler dispersion. The greatest mortality occurred early in the life cycle and was mainly due to eggs and crawlers being washed off the host-tree by rain.Item Review Of Kenyan Agricultural Research Vol 14 Wheat Barley Oats And Rye(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 1996) Mailu, A.M.; Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteThese reviews have been produced as part of the Kenya Agricultural Research Database Project was funded by the Netherlands government from 1992 to 1996. The project aimed to document all investigations and research related to agriculture in Kenya undertaken since the end of the last century, especially those items that had not been published. The computerized database now contains around 40,000 records, most containing abstracts or summaries, full bibliographic details, and information about where the documents can be found. We are conscious, however, that many items have not yet been included, especially the earlier material and many consultancy reports produced by foreign and international donors, development, and research organizations. Specialists who read the reviews may be aware of important topics which the reviewer has omitted. If this is the case, we would ask that both the reviewer and KARl's Library and Information Services be informed so that the topic can be included in future revisions. Constant updates will be required as new research information becomes available with Kenya's National Agricultural Research System.Item Review of Kenyan Agricultural Research Vol. 22 Root and Tuber Crops(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 1997) Mailu, A.M.; Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteThese reviews have been produced as part of the Kenya Agricultural Research Database Project which was funded by the Netherlands government over the years 1992 to 1996. The aim of the project was to document all investigations and research related to agriculture in Kenya undertaken since the end of the last century, especially those items which had not been published. The computerized database now contains around 40,000 records, most containing abstracts or summaries, full bibliographic details, and information about where the documents can be found. We are conscious, however, that many items have not yet been included, especially the earlier material and many consultancy reports produced by the foreign and international donor, development, and research organisations. Specialists who read the reviews may be aware of important topics which have been omitted by the reviewer. If this is the case, we would ask that both the reviewer and KARl's Library and Information Services be informed so that the topic can be included in future revisions. Constant up-date will be required as new research information becomes available with the National Agricultural Research System in Kenya.Item Review of Kenyan Agricultural Research Vol. 24 Coffee Agronomy, Processing and Economy(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 1997) Mailu, A.M.These reviews have been produced as part of the Kenya Agricultural Research Database Project which was funded by the Netherlands government over the years 1992 to 1996. The project aimed to document all investigations and research related to agriculture in Kenya undertaken since the end of the last century, especially those items that had not been published. The computerized database now contains around 40,000 records, most containing abstracts or summaries, full bibliographic details, and information about where the documents can be found. We are conscious, however, that many items have not yet been included, especially the earlier material and many consultancy reports produced by foreign and international donors, development, and research organisations. Specialists who read the reviews may be aware of important topics which have been omitted by the reviewer. If this is the case, we would ask that both the reviewer and KARl's Library and Information Services be informed so that the topic can be included in future revisions. Constant up-date will be required as new research information becomes available with the National Agricultural Research System in Kenya.Item Review of Kenyan Agricultural Research Vol. 29 Pests of Plants(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 1996) Kenya Agricultural Research Institute; Mailu, A.M.These reviews have been produced as part of the Kenyan Agricultural Research Database Project which was funded by the Netherlands government over the years 1992 to 1995. The aim of the project was to document all investigations and research related to agriculture in Kenya undertaken since the end of the last century, especially those items which had not been published. The computerized database now contains around 40,000 records, most of which contain abstracts or summaries, full bibliographic details, and information about where the documents can be found. We are conscious however, that many items have not yet been included especially the earlier material and many consultancy reports produced by foreign and international donor, development, and research organizations. Specialists who read the reviews may be aware of important topics which have been omitted by the reviewer. If this is be case, we would ask that both the reviewer and KARI's Library and Information Services be informed so that the topic can be included in future revisions. Constant up-date will be required as new research information becomes available with the National Agricultural Research System in Kenya.Item Sampling Techniques for Populations of Pine Woolly Aphid, Pineus Pini (Gmelin)(Adelgidae)(1982) Mailu, A.M.; Khamala, C.P.M.; Rose, D.J.W.; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Muguga, Kenya.; Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Overseas Pest Research, U.K.From observations on Pinus patula at 4 places in Kenya, procedures for sampling populations of all stages in the life history of Pineus pini (Gmel.) are given. The distribution pattern of the aphids within the tree crown branches is described, and tables are presented giving the numbers of trees to be sampled in order to estimate populations with a known precision, either by measurement of pine needle lengths or by counts of aphids present. A highly significant negative relationship between needle lengths and aphid numbers suggests that measurements of needle lengths alone are adequate to estimate the intensity of infestation.Item Sequential Surveys for the Pine Woolly Aphid, Pineus pini (L.) Homoptera: Adelcidae in Kenya(1978) Mailu, A.M.; Rose, D.J.W.; Khamala, C.P.M.; Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteMany pest management programmes do not require exact estimates of population density but rather require that pest populations are categorized into density classes which are related to predictable levels of crop loss.Item Water Hyacinth: Distribution, Impact and Control Measures(Kenya Agriculture Research Institute, 1999) Mailu, A.M.; Ochiel, G. R. S; Gitonga, W.; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Nairobi (Kenya, National Fibre Research Centre Kibos, National Agricultural Centre, MugugaWater hyacint(Eichhornia CRASSIPES)is a free-floating aquatic weed belonging to the family Pontederianceae. Its native habitat is presumably in Amazonia, Brazil, where it is kept in check by its natural enemy complex (insects, mites and pathogens).It spreads vegetatively by means of surface stolons, which together with solitary plants or drifting mats are resadily distributed by water curents, winds boats and rafts. It also produces long-lived seeds, which are responsible for its persistence and spread in new environments. It is one of the fastest-growing plants and is known to double every 5-10 days under optima conditions(25-27).
