Browsing by Author "Maino, J. L."
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
- Results Per Page
- Sort Options
Item Global Crop Impacts, Yield Losses, and Action Thresholds for Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)(Elsevier Ltd., 2021) Overton, K.; Maino, J. L.; Day, R.; Umina, P. A.,; Bett, B.; Carnovale, D.; Ekesi, S.; Meagher, R.; Reynolds, O. L.; Cesar Australia 293 Royal Parade ; CABI ; , The University of Melbourn ; Plant Health Australia ; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology ; Insect Behavior and Biocontrol Unit USDA-ARS CMAVE ; Graham Centre for Agricultural InnovationThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a highly polyphagous plant pest that can severely impact yields of several agricultural crops. Understanding the economic impact and management thresholds for FAW across a variety of crop commodities is crucial for effective management. Evaluating the peer-reviewed and grey literature, we compiled global data on: (1) yield losses reported as a result of FAW infestations, (2) the relationship between FAW pressure/density and reported yield loss, and (3) current known economic injury levels, economic thresholds and action thresholds. We identified 71 references that reported yield losses from FAW infestation, with a total of 888 separate yield loss entries. The majority of research quantifying yield losses and the relationship between pest pressure and yield has focused on maize, sorghum, and cotton, with some evidence for sweet corn, bermudagrass, and rice. Yield loss varied between management strategies, with genetically modified and/or insecticide treated crops typically retaining higher yields. Most studies investigating the relationship between FAW density and yield loss across different crops have focused on early and mid FAW larval instars and on vegetative through to reproductive plant growth stages, with minimal research on both late larval instars and on plant seedlings. Economic thresholds were not reported in the literature. The reporting of economic injury levels and action thresholds varied significantly both between and within crops, highlighting the need for a standardised approach when measuring FAW pressures or densities that elicit management responses.Item Regional and Seasonal Activity Predictions for Fall Armyworm in Australia(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Maino, J. L.; Schouten, R.; Overton, K.; Day, R.; Ekesi, S.; Bett, B.; Barton, M.; Gregg, P.C.; Umina, P.A.; Reynolds, O. L.; Cesar Australia ; CABI ; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology ; Plant Health Australia ; University of New England ; The University of Melbourne ; Graham Centre for Agricultural InnovationSince 2016, the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, has undergone a significant range expansion from its native range in the Americas, to continental Africa, Asia, and in February 2020, mainland Australia. The large dispersal potential of FAW adults, wide host range of immature feeding stages, and unique environmental con-ditions in its invasive range creates large uncertainties in the expected impact on Australian plant production industries. Here, using a spatial model of population growth and spread potential informed by existing biolog-ical and climatic data, we simulate seasonal population activity potential of FAW, with a focus on Australia’s grain production regions. Our results show that, in Australia, the large spread potential of FAW will allow it to exploit temporarily favourable conditions for population growth across highly variable climatic conditions. It is estimated that FAW populations would be present in a wide range of grain growing regions at certain times of year, but importantly, the expected seasonal activity will vary markedly between regions and years depending on climatic conditions. The window of activity for FAW will be longer for growing regions further north, with some regions possessing conditions conducive to year-round population survival. Seasonal migrations from this permanent range into southern regions, where large areas of annual grain crops are grown annually, are predicted to commence from October, i.e. spring, with populations subsequently building up into summer. The early stage of the FAW incursion into Australia means our predictions of seasonal activity potential will need to be refined as more Australian-specific information is accumulated. This study has contributed to our early understanding of FAW movement and population dynamics in Australia. Importantly, the models established here provide a useful framework that will be available to other countries should FAW invade in the future. To increase the robustness of our model, field sampling to identify conditions under which population growth occurs, and the location of source populations for migration events is required. This will enable accurate forecasting and early warning to farmers, which should improve pest monitoring and control programs of FAW.
