Browsing by Author "Maritim, A.C."
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Item Immunization of Cattle against Theileriosis Using Varying Doses of Theileria Par VA Lawrencei and T. Par VA Par VA Sporozoites and Ox tetracycline Treatments(1988) Ndungu, S.G.; Young, A.S.; Stagg, D.A.; Mutugi, J.J.; Maritim, A.C.Immunization of cattle against theileriosis using varying doses of Theilera parva lawrencei and T parva parva sporozOtes and oxytetracycline treatments. International Journal for Parasitology 18: 453-461. Theileria parva lawrencel and T parva parva parasites, from three sources (two from African buffalo, SWlcerus caifer, and one from indigenous cattle, Bos indicus) iwlated from two areas of Kenya, were chosen for invetigations mto immunization of cattle agaimt thellenonsis. Varying concentration of stabllates were used to Infect cattle singly in one experiment and In combination in another experiment, wIth one or two treatments with either long- or short-acting formulations of oxytetracyclines, respectively. It was found that high concentrations with T parva lawrencei stabilates (10°) were not controlled satisfactonly by oxytetracyclines but with concentration of stabilate at 10- 1 or particularly 1O-~ It was possible to Induce sub-climcal theileriosis with the development of antibodies to T pan'a. Both short- and long-acting formulatIOns of oxytetracyclines appeared to be equally effective. Some chrome effects were seen after immumzation but these were not usually detected when lower concentratlom of stabilate were given. Cattle Immunized by this procedure were shown to be immune to homologow. and heterologous challenge and some were demomtrated to become T parva carriers.Item Responses to a vaccine trial for East Coast fever in two cattle herds at the Kenyan coast(1991) Mutugi, J.J.; Ndungu, S.G.; Linyonyi, A.; Maritim, A.C.; Mining, S.K.; Ngumi, P.N.; Kariuki, D.P.A total of 373 cattle (271 Zebu-European crosses and 102 pedigree Jerseys) were immunized against East Coast fever on two farms in the Kilifi District of Coast Province, Kenya. The cross breeds and the Jersey cattle received I ml of either 10-01 or 10-' dilution of Thellena parva parva Marikebuni stock, respectively and simultaneous treatment with a long-acting formulation of oxytetracycline. Following immunization, 362 cattle (96.5%) showed Theileria parva antibodies; 346 cattle (92.7%) seroconverted without clinical reactions. The Jersey cattle developed a higher proportion of clinical East Coast fever reactors (14.7%) following the immunization than the cross breeds (0.6%). All the calves immunized (37) on both farms seroconverted to Theileria parva antigen without any theilerial clinical reactions. The development of a serological response to East Coast fever was independent of the route of stabilate inoculation and was unaffected by concurrent infections such as trypanosomiasis and foot and mouth disease. Following immunization, no discernable effects on milk production were recorded, except from cattle undergoing a clinical reaction, where a transient reduction in milk production was seen. Thirty months later, the immunized cattle are reported to have withstood the disease challenge presented to them naturally on the farms without any breakdown in immunity to East Coast fever.
