Browsing by Author "Mungube, E.O."
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Item Chicken Value Chain: Gender and Social Inclusion(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), 2024) Ndubi, J.M.; Alaru, P.A.O.; Nyambati, E.M.; Mungube, E.O.; Kipkemoi, D.C.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationAccess to resources such as land, credit, extension and a voice in decision making are important elements to consider for improved adoption of Agricultural Technologies, Innovations and Management Practices (TIMP) by the various gender categories for improved food and nutritional security as well as poverty reduction. Although agricultural TIMPs might lead to increased production and income, there is no guarantee that more income will address the poverty, food and nutrition security situation in the household. Who has access to what resources and who dominate what decisions at household, local and national levels in relation to the use of additional income are important when considering what degree food, nutrition security and poverty will improve. If we close this gender gap by improving power relations and access to resources by the various gender categories, yields would increase by 20–30%.Item Detection of Albendazole Resistant Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Village Cattle of South Eastern Mali(2013) Mungube, E.O.; Rexa, F.; Hinney, B.; Randolph, T.To acquire infonnation on gastro-intestinal nematodes and their control strategy in village cattle in southeast Mali, repeated faecal samplings and examination for faecal egg counts (FECs) on risk group cattle were conducted between November 2008 and November 2009. A strategic helminth control strategy was tested for efficacy in controlling helminths on risk group cattle randomly divided into an albendazole treated and untreated control. The latter was treated with 10 mg/ kg of albendazole sourced from Malian markets at the start and end of the rainy season. The fonner received a placebo. A faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was conducted in November 2009 where all the albendazole treated calves were further split into two groups. One group was treated with 10 mg/kg of albendazole from Mali and the other with albendazole from Gennany. The control group received a placebo. Faecal egg counts were compared on treatment day and day 14 post-treatment. Larval cultures were carried out on faecal samples from the albendazole treated and control groups to detennine the helminth ecology. Young animals and zebu cattle were associated with higher FECs. Although breed and sex were not associated (P>0.05) with FECs, the time of study highly (PItem Pollen Harvesting, Processing, and Packaging(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2024) Kasina, M.J.; Toroitich, D.; Mulwa, J.M.; Onyango, I.A.; Guantai, M.M.; Ndung’u, N.N.; Kinyanjui, J.M.; Nyambati, E.; Mungube, E.O.; Changwony, D.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationPollen are the tiny, male reproductive units that form in the anthers of flowering plants. The majority of flowering plants on the planet today require that their pollen be transferred onto the receptive stigma of flowers (pollination) by wind, water, birds, bats, butterflies, beetles and bees, the most important species. Bees collect pollen using specialized body parts for their use to feed brood. The pollen available for pollination is freely attached to bee body hairs. The characteristics of bee pollen will depend upon the plants from which it is gathered. Some bee species visit only a single species of flower in one trip meaning the pollen pellets (one on each leg) will tend to be all from the same type of plant and uniform in color and can range from white to black. While pollen provides almost all the bees proteins and nutrients, there is no single type of plant that produces bee pollen that will have all the vitamins, minerals, fats and proteins in exactly the right ratios for optimum honey bee health. As a result, a bee colony will tend to forage on a variety of pollen sources and bee pollen will tend to be a mixture of pollen from all the different species of plants that the colony’s foragers are able to visit.Item Prevalence of Bovine Mastitis and Antimicrobial Sensitivities of the Bacterial Causes in Smallholder Farms of Kisumu County, Kenya(Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS), 2022) Ndirangu, P.N.; Kipronoh, A.K.; Mungube, E.O.; Ogali, I.N.; Omwenga, S.G.; Ndung'u, D.N.; Maichomo, M.W.; Kenya Agricultural Research and Livestock Organization (KALRO)Prevalence of bovine mastitis in Kisumu County, risk factors and antibiotic sensitivities of the causative bacteria were determined in this cross-sectional study. Sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) was diagnosed using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Risk factors were identified through the administration of 64 questionnaires and assessment of 134 lactating cows. Bacteria were identified by culturing 72CMT-positive udder quarter milk samples and their sensitivities to antibiotics investigated using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. Only SCM was detected and had cow level prevalence of 33%(44/134). Prevalence of SCM was significantly (p< 0.05) higher in cows under complete and semizero grazing systems, at mid lactation, those pregnant and with parity of 1–3. Staphylococcus species was the most common (63.8%, n= 58) isolate. Other isolates were E. coli (13.8%), Streptococcus species (12.1%) and Pseudomonas (5.2%). Staphylococcus and Streptococcus isolates were 100% sensitive to streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol. Additionally, Streptococcus species were 100% sensitive to ampicillin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. Staphylococcus species had developed varying levels of resistance against sulfamethoxazole, cotrimoxazole, ampicillin and tetracycline. Streptococcus species was 100% resistant to sulfamethoxazole. A significantly high SCM prevalence was reported in this study thus an appropriate control strategy is needed that consists of awareness creation, good milking hygiene practices, teat disinfection, regular screening for SCM and preventing spread of mastitis in the herd by milking infected cow (s) last.Item Processing and Utilization of Black Soldier Fly Frass Manure(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2024) Ayako, W.O.; Sambu, K.S.; Nyambati, N.M.; Kanegeni, N.N.; Mungube, E.O.; Changwony, D.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationBlack Soldier Fly (BSF) Frass casting is exoskeletons left behind after the larvae are sieved out from consumed Substrate. It resembles crumbly soil after sun drying and is used to improve soil fertility. The frass stimulates plant growth and sustainable fertility and health. It is an organic fertilizer that has higher organic matter content and nutrients.Item Storage of Chicken Feed Ingredients and Mixed Rations(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2024) Kariuki, I.; Kariuki, I.W.; Alaru, P.A.O.; Wachira, A.M.; Ouko, V.O.; Mungube, E.O.; K’Oloo, T.O.; Ogali, N.I.; Adongo, A.O.; Ngaira, V.M.; Langat, M.K.; Nyambati, E.M.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationIt is not advisable to mix more than 100 kg for ration in order to be cost-effective. To achieve this, feed ingredients should be acquired in bulk from millers and distributors at wholesale prices and hence the need for proper storage. Furthermore, all the mixed feed may not be immediately consumed. There are important factors to consider during storage of feed ingredients and the mixed rations.Item Women Empowerment in the Chicken Value Chain(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), 2024) Ndubi. J.M.; Alaru, P.A.O.; Nyambati, E.M.; Mungube, E.O.; Kipkemoi, D.M.Women empowerment in chicken production and marketing is essential for sustainable development. Women play significant roles in chicken farming, including raising chickens, collecting eggs, and managing sales. However, they often face challenges such as limited access to resources, training, and market opportunities. Empowering women in this sector involves providing access to education, technology, and financial resources. Training women in chicken production, management and marketing skills, has the potential to increase productivity, improve product quality, and expand market reach. These interventions have the overall effect of empowering women in enhancing their economic independence, fostering gender equality, improving food security and contributing to overall community development.
