Browsing by Author "Ndirangu, P.N."
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Item Animal welfare during slaughter and causes of organ condemnation in livestock slaughtered in Eastern Kenya(veterinary Record, 2014) Ndirangu, P.N.; Ithinji, D.G.; Muturi, J.M.; Ireri, R.G.; Kabugi, J.W.; Nginyi, J.M.In order of determine the status of animal welfare during slaughter and to identify major causes of condemnation of edible organs in slaughtered cattle, sheep, goats and camels a croos-sectional slaughterhouse survey was conducted in Eastern region of Kenya, where a total of 11 slaughterestablishments were visited.Item A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey on Status of Foot and Mouth Disease in Eastern Kenya(Kenya Agriculture Research Institute, 2015) Muturi, J.M.; Ithinji, G.D.; Ndirangu, P.N.; Ireri, R.G.A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the farmers and veterinary service providers as well as factors that continue to trigger foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in Eastem Kenya. Questionnaires were administered to animal health service providers and livestock fanners. A total of 91 animal health service providers and 106 livestock farmers were interviewed. Livestock farmers ranked diseases as their greatest constraint followed by unavailability of feeds and high cost of inputs. Out of 91 service providers interviewed, 85/91 (93%) reported East Coast Fever as most commonly treated followed by Anaplasmosis 82/91 (90%), Mastitis 74/91 (81%), Pneumonia 73/91 (80%) and Foot and Mouth Disease 31/91 (34%). Eighty six (95%) animal health service providers had handled cases of FMD and 1011106 (95%) of the farmers had encountered FMD in their farms. All the fanners who had an experience with the disease repol1ed that it affected cattle while 111101 (11%), 8/101 (8%) and 1/101 (1%) rep0l1ed that it also affected goats, sheep and pigs respectively. Farmers rep0l1ed that FMD is more severe among the adults of exotic cattle breeds than in young ones. In addition, 43/106 (41%) repOl1ed that the disease outbreaks lead to mortalities.Item A cross-sectional questionnaire survey on status of foot and mouth disease in Eastern Kenya(veterinary Record, 2013) Ithinji, G.D.; Ndirangu, P.N.; Muturi, J.M.; Ireri, R.G.A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the farmers and veterinary service providers as well as factors that continue to trigger foot and mouth disease(FMD)outbreaks in Eastern Kenya using questionnaires. A total of ninety one animal health service providers and one hundred and six livestock farmers were interviewed.Item Mastitis Therapy in Western and Central Parts of Kenya: Veterinary Service Providers' Perspective(The Kenya Veterinary Association, 2014) Ndirangu, P.N.; Wesonga, H.O.; Siamba, D.; Mugambi, J.M.; Nginyi, J.M.A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out in Kakamega and Kiambu counties of Western and Central Kenya respectively, to determine the category of veterinary practitioners involved in mastitis treatment, diagnostic methods used, the antibiotics used and their effectiveness. A total of 69 questionnaires were administered to veterinary service providers. In Kakamega County 13/24 (54%) of service providers interviewed were government veterinarians, 10/24 (42%) private veterinary practitioners and 1124 (4%) agrovet owners. Concerning the level of training 18/24 (75%) of them were holders of certificates in animal health and production, 4/24 (17%) degree in veterinary medicine, 1/24 (4%) degree in agriculture and 1/24 (4%) secondary form four. In Kiambu County majority were private veterinarians 35/45 (78%), followed by government veterinarians 8/45 (18%) and agrovet owners 2/45 (4%) where 32/45 (71%) were holders of certificates in animal health and production, 12/45 (27%) degree in veterinary medicine and 1145 (2%) certificate in animal production. Most of the service providers interviewed used clinical signs to diagnose bovine mastitis, where it was the only method used in Kakamega County while in Kiambu County it was used by 40/45 (89%) of the respondents while only 5/45 (11%) used California Mastitis Test. Further, in Kakamega 22/24 (92%) of the respondents did not take samples for laboratory test while in Kiambu 20/45 (44%) did not take samples for laboratory testing. In both counties bovine mastitis was the most treated disease. In Kakamega 22/24 (91.7%) of the respondents used penicillin-streptomycin combination to treat mastitis and 2/24 (8.3%) used tetracycline. In Kiambu County antibiotics used were penicillin-streptomycin combination 36/45 (80%), cephalexine 3/45 (7%), gentamycin 3/45 (7%), ampicillin 1/45 (2%), sulphonamides 1145 (2%) and tetracycline 1145 (2%).Item Mastitis Therapy in Western and Central Parts Of Kenya: Veterinary Service Providers' Perspective(Kenya Agriculture Research Institute, 2013) Ndirangu, P.N.; Wesonga, H.O.; Slamba, D.; Mugambi, J.M.; Nginyi, J.M.A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out in Kakamega and Kiambu counties of Western and Central Kenya respectively, to determine the category of veterinary practitioners involved in mastitis treatment, diagnostic methods used, the antibiotics used and their effectiveness. A total of 69 questionnaires were administered to veterinary service providers. In Kakamega County 13124 (54%) of service providers interviewed were government veterinarians, 10/24 (42%) private veterinary practitioners and 1124 (4%) agrovet owners. With respect to the level of training 18/24 (75%) of them were holders of certificate in animal health and production, 4/24 (17%) degree in veterinary medicine, 1124 (4%) degree in agriculture and 1124 (4%) secondary form four. In Kiambu county majority were private veterinarians 35/45 (78%), followed by government veterinarians 8/45 (18%) and agrovet owners 2/45 (4%) where 32/45 (71%) were holders of certificate in animal health and production, 12/45 (27%) degree in veterinary medicine and 1145 (2%) certificate in animal production. Most of the service providers interviewed used clinical signs to diagnose bovine mastitis, where it was the only method used in Kakamega County while in Kiambu County it was used by 40/45 (89%) of the respondents while only 5/45 (11%) used California Mastitis Test. Further, in Kakamega 22/24 (92%) of the respondents did not take samples for laboratory test while in Kiambu 20/45 (44%) did not take samples for laboratory testing. In both counties bovine mastitis was the most treated disease. In Kakamega 22/24 (91.7%) of the respondents used penicillin-streptomycin combination to treat mastitis and 2/24 (8.3%) used tetracycline. In Kiambu County antibiotics used were penicillin-streptomycin combination 36/45 (80%), cephalexine 3/45 (7%), gentamycin 3/45 (7%), ampicillin 1/45 (2%), sulphonamides 1145 (2%) and tetracycline 1145 (2%).Item The potential role played by various livestock intermediate hosts in the transmission of hydatidosis in Kenya(2004) Ndirangu, P.N.; Njeruh, F.M.; Gathura, P.B.; Kyule, M.N.A study was conducted to determine the potential role played by cattle, sheep, goats and pigs in the transmission of hydatidosis in Kenya. The fertility and viability status of the hydatid cysts collected from these livestock intermediate hosts, at slaughter, were used in this evaluation. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Nairobi\'s Dagoretti slaughterhouse and Ndumbu-ini, pig abattoir during routine post-mortem meat inspection. All hydatid cysts detected in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs were collected for laboratory analysis to determined by microscopic examination of harvested hydatid cysts fluid for the presence of protoscolices using the 0.1% Eosin Exclusion Test. Out of the 300carcasses of sheep, goats, and pigs examined, 7%, 8% and 5% harbored the cysts, respectively. Hydatid cysts from goats showed the highest fertility (87.5%), followed by those from cattle (81.4%), pigs (80%) and sheep (57.4%). Hydatid cysts from sheep showed the highest viability (100%), followed by those from goats with 85.7%, cattle with 68.6% and pigs 50%. Sheep and goats are the animals most commonly slaughtered for parties and other festivities where meat inspection is hardly carried out. Due to this as well as the high rates of fertility and viability showed by their cysts, sheep and goats may play a greatest role since all of the fertile hydatid cysts from this species were viable. These results indicate that in any hydatid disease control programme, sheep, goats, should be the livestock species included, if satisfactory control Hydatidosis is to be achieved in Kenya. This is because, only fertile and viable hydatid cysts are capable of transmitting hydatidosis to definitive hosts.Item Prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in goats from a semi -arid part of Eastern Kenya(2015) Maichomo, M.W.; Ndirangu, P.N.; Wesonga, H.O.; Malonza, V.M.In livestock farming, Rhipicephalus(Boophilus)decoloratus, the blue ticks are usually the firstto develop resistance to acaricides, becdause they prefer cattle and are exposed to multiple treatments during their relatively short life cycle. Blue ticks cause serious economic losses in cattle industry in Kenya and East Africa in general. Traditional parasite control is primarily based on the use chemical acaricides, which unfortunately have negative side effects.Item Prevalence of Bovine Mastitis and Antimicrobial Sensitivities of the Bacterial Causes in Smallholder Farms of Kisumu County, Kenya(Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS), 2022) Ndirangu, P.N.; Kipronoh, A.K.; Mungube, E.O.; Ogali, I.N.; Omwenga, S.G.; Ndung'u, D.N.; Maichomo, M.W.; Kenya Agricultural Research and Livestock Organization (KALRO)Prevalence of bovine mastitis in Kisumu County, risk factors and antibiotic sensitivities of the causative bacteria were determined in this cross-sectional study. Sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) was diagnosed using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Risk factors were identified through the administration of 64 questionnaires and assessment of 134 lactating cows. Bacteria were identified by culturing 72CMT-positive udder quarter milk samples and their sensitivities to antibiotics investigated using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. Only SCM was detected and had cow level prevalence of 33%(44/134). Prevalence of SCM was significantly (p< 0.05) higher in cows under complete and semizero grazing systems, at mid lactation, those pregnant and with parity of 1–3. Staphylococcus species was the most common (63.8%, n= 58) isolate. Other isolates were E. coli (13.8%), Streptococcus species (12.1%) and Pseudomonas (5.2%). Staphylococcus and Streptococcus isolates were 100% sensitive to streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol. Additionally, Streptococcus species were 100% sensitive to ampicillin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. Staphylococcus species had developed varying levels of resistance against sulfamethoxazole, cotrimoxazole, ampicillin and tetracycline. Streptococcus species was 100% resistant to sulfamethoxazole. A significantly high SCM prevalence was reported in this study thus an appropriate control strategy is needed that consists of awareness creation, good milking hygiene practices, teat disinfection, regular screening for SCM and preventing spread of mastitis in the herd by milking infected cow (s) last.
