Browsing by Author "Ndung'u, J.M."
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Item The effects of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Trypanosoma congolense infections on the pharmacokinetics of homidium in Boran cattle(Elsiever, 2002) Murilla, G.A.; Peregrine, A.S.; Ndung'u, J.M.; Holmes, P.H.; Eisler, M.C.; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute (KETRI), P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UKTwo groups of five Boran (Bas indicus) cattle were infected with one of two populations of Trypanosoma congolense: one drug-sensitive (ILl180), and one drug-resistant (IL3330). The animals were then treated intramuscularly With homidium bromide at a dose rate of 1.0 mg kg - I bodyweight 7 days after trypanosomes were detected in the peripheral blood of all the five animals in each group. Following treatment of cattle infected with drug-sensitive trypanosomes. Parasites could no longer be detected in the bloodstream of four out of five cattle after 24 h. and after 48 h for the fifth animal. The animals remained aparasitaemic up to the end of the observation period of 90 days and Serum drug concentrations determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) remained above the detection limit of 0.1 ng ml- I for the entire period. Following treatment of cattle infected with drug-resistant trypanosomes. parasites did not disappear from the bloodstream in any of the five animals. The rate of drug elimination was greater in cattle infected with drug-resistant trypanosomes and the drug was no longer detectable approximately 3 weeks after treatment. Non compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the values for of 75.5 ± 16.9 h. the area under the curve (AUCo_",) of 1.33 ± 0.156 Ilg h ml- I and the MRTo -f. of 32.8 ± 4.45°h obtained in cattle infected with the drug resistant trypanosome population were significantly lower than the values of 424 ± 146 h for t 1.67 ± 0.233 Ilg h ml-- I for AUCo _ Cf and 297 ± 159 h for MRTo _ J: obtained in cattle infected with the drug-sensitive population. The persistence of drug-resistant infections in cattle following homidium treatment was associated with more rapid drug elimination than in those in which infections with drug-sensitive parasites were cleared by the drug. (g 2002 Elsevier Science B.Y. All rights reserved.Item Proceedings of the Fifth KETRI Internal Review, 24th - 28th June, 1996(Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, 1996) Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Ndung'u, J.M.; Alusi, P.M.In 1990, the estimated livestock population in Kenya was over 20 million head of cattle, 30 million sheep and goats, and 800,00 camels, three quarters of which were found in the arid and semi-arid lands. Unfortunately 60% of Kenya's range lands, which is about 25% of the land mass, cannot support livestock because of trypanosomiasis, losses of up to 30% are experienced. Trypanosomiasis leads to under - Exploitation of Resources and to a lower level of animals Production Than would be achieved if the if the disease was eliminated. The direct costs of the disease includes mortality, Disease related syndromes, cost of detection, prevention operations and research. Indirect costs include effects of human health, agriculture and livestock production.Item Proceedings of the First Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute (KETRI) Internal Review (2nd to 5th June 1992)(Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, 1992) Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Omuse, J.K.; Ndung'u, J.M.; Kinyanjui, M.; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research InstituteKETRI has the mandate to " carry out research into all aspects that would eventually lead to the effective control of human and animal trypanosomiasis, and to effective reclamation of tsetse- infested lands". In light of this mandate, KETRI drew up a strategic plan of action during the years 1990 to 2000, which serves as a guide to focusing Research and Development (R&D) activities towards achievement of the set objectives. The KETRI's Annual Internal Review is a self-assessment exercise by the R&D team that enables them determine how well they have fared in the past years and to prioritise future activities in view of the ever-dwindling resources. In addition it provides an opportunity to re- evaluate the work-force and make recommendations on areas that require strengthening. The 1992 Annual Internal Review was the first one to be held at KETRI. This particular review served as an experiment whose observations will be used to improve future ones. This booklet should be viewed, by those who use it, as a guide and not a source of all the facts. As such, lots of details from the various presentations have been left out. It is hoped that the 1993 Annual Internal Review will be even better.Item Proceedings of the Second KETRI Internal Review, 31st May - 4th June 1993(Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, 1993) Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Omuse, J.K.; Ndung'u, J.M.; Alusi, P.M.; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research InstituteIn 1992, it was found necessary that a self-assessment exercise be carried out, to provide a critical review of progress in all scientific programmes at KETRI. During the exercise, various activities were to be prioritised and, if necessary, refocussed. The First KETRI Annual Scientific Review was held during the first week of June 1992. The second review, which led to production of these proceedings, was held from 31st May to 4th June 1993. The proceedings are in the form of abstracts under each scientific programme, whose priorities are set up at the beginning. At the end of each programme is a list of recommendations that were made during discussions. The proceedings also include a list of seminars held at KETRI and publications for the period June 1992 to May 1993.
