Browsing by Author "Ngae, G.N."
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Item Comparative pathogenicity of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense strains in Swiss white mice and Mastomys natalensis rats(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 1927) Muchiri, M.W.; Ndung'u, K.; Kibugu, J.K.; Thuita, J.K.; Gitonga, P.K.; Ngae, G.N.; Mdachi, R.E.; Kagira, J.M.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Biotechnology Research Institute (BioRI), P. O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Кепуа; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Kenya; Kenya Food Crop Research Institute, P. O. Box 30148, Nairobi, KenyaWe evaluated Mastomys natelensis rat as an animal model for Rhodesian sleeping sickness, Parasitaemia, clinical and pathological characteristics induced by T. b. rhodesiense isolates, KETRI 3439, 3622 and 3637 were compared in Mastomys rats and Swiss white mice. Each isolate was intra-peritonially injected in mice and rat groups (n-12) at 1x 10º trypanosomes/0.2 ml. Pre-patent period (PP) range for KETRI 3439 and KETRI 3622-groups was 3-6 days for mice and 4-5 days for rats while for KETRI 3637-infected mice. and rats was 5-9 and 4-12 days, respectively. Pairwise comparison between PP of mice and rats separately infected with either isolate showed no significant difference (p>0.05). The PP's of KETRI 3637-infected mice were significantly (p>0.01) longer than those infected with KETRI 3439 or KETRI 3622, a trend also observed in rats. The second parasitaemic wave was more prominent in mice. Clinical signs included body weakness, dyspnoea, peri-orbital oedema and extreme emaciation which were more common in rats. Survival time for KETRI 3439 and 3622-infected groups was significantly (p<0.05) longer in mice than rats but similar in KETRI 3637-infected groups. Inflammatory lesions were more severe in rats than mice. All mice and KETRI 3622-infected rats had splenomegaly, organ congestion with rats additionally showing prominent lymphadenopathy. KETRI 3439-infected rats showed hemorrhagic pneumonia, enteritis with moderate splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. KETRI 3637-infected rats had the most severe lesions characterized by prominent splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, enlarged adrenal glands, organ congestion, generalized oedemas, gastroenteritis, pneumonia and brain congestion. KETRI 3637- infected Mastomys is a suitable model for studying pathophysiology of HAT.Item Effect of aflatoxin Bl on the therapeutic efficacy of suramin in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense-infected mice(2011) Kibugu, J.K.; Mdachi, R.E.; Kagira, J.M.; Muchiri, M.W.; Makumi, J.N.; Ngeranwa, J.J.N.; Auma, J.E.; Ngae, G.N.; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute(KARI), Trypanosomiasis Research Centre (TRC), Kikuyu Kenya, Kenyatta University Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nairobi, Kenya, KARI, Agricultural Centre-MugugaThrough immuno-suppression, aflatoxins could affect drug and vaccine efficacy. Such effects have not been evaluated in treatment of many diseases including trypanosomiasis. We assessed the effect of aflatoxin B 1 on the efficacy of suramin, the drug used for treatment of early stage sleeping sickness, in a murine model. Mice were fed daily on a diet containing 0.50 mg aflatoxin/kg body weight or a placebo. They were infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense on day 7 post-aflatoxin exposure and then treated with one of 6 different doses of suramin (4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 mg/kg body weight) at the onset of parasitemia. The mice were fed on aflatoxin diet for 30 days and the curative dose values (CD 50, 75. and 90) computed and compared using a logistic linear regression model. Aflatoxin B 1 induced transient protection of the host against T. b. rhodesiense infection and a consistent increase in suramin CD values in the mice suggesting reduced drug efficacy. Aflatoxicosis hindered curative treatment of T. b. rhodesiense infection in mice, and may contribute to reduced efficacy of suramin during treatment of sleeping sickness in man.Item KARI - National Agricultural Research Centre - Muguga Research Highlights 2003(NARCM publication services March 2004., 2003) Kenya Agricultural Research Institute; Gatei, J.N.; Mathu, R.W.; Ngae, G.N.; Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteThe National Agricultural Centre (NARC) Muguga is situated in Kikuyu Division, Kiambu District, Central Province at Longitude 36°34" and 36°39" East and Latitude 1º 11" 1 14" South of the Equator. It is located about 27 km west of Nairobi City and five kilometres off the Nairobi-Naivasha - Nakuru highway. The Centre is about 2095 M above sea level. It is situated in the marginal coffee zone (zone 3) and the mandate area covers zones: 1,2 and 3 covering approximately 6000km², with a population of 2.7 million (census, 1979) in Kiambu, Thika, Murang'a, Nyandarua and Maragwa Disticts and Greater Nairobi area. The soils are well-drained, extremely deep dusky red to dark reddish brown; friable and in some places with acid soils. The soils are classified as nitisols & alfisols. The centre has a total of 280 hectares mainly under pasture, forest, experimental plots, and recreation fields. About 200 hectares are available for research and commercial ventures. Currently the centre has 31research scientist of whom 10 are trained to Ph.D. level, 16 to MSc training, and 3 to B.Sc. level. The scientific staff are supported by 225 technical and supporting staff, making a total staff compliment of 216. In order to share our research agenda with stakeholders in the agricultural industry, a Centre Research Advisory Committee meeting (CRAC) was held in September, 2003. The Centre embraced fully the institutes strategic plan for 2000-2010 under objective 6 by implementing various commercialization programme activities within the year. Past and on-going support from the Government and our development partners has had a positive impact on our research and we look forward to continued support.Item National Agricultural Research Centre-Muguga: annual report 2002(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 2002) Gatei, J.N.,; Mathu, R.W.; Ngae, G.N.; Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteIn order to share our research agenda with stakeholders in the agricultural industry, a Centre Research Advisory Committee meeting (CRAC) was held early in the year, in the month of March. This was followed by gender workshop to incorporate gender perspective in our Agricultural Research Activities. The Centre advanced a high yielding maize variety-Muguga 1, resistant to streak and common rust to full release status. In addition all the seven projects under the Agricultural Information and Response Initiative (ATIRI) enabled the respective Community Based Organizations to access technologies required. Monitoring of these ATIRI programmes indicated that the technologies ware taken up and implementation was on schedule.
