Browsing by Author "Ole-Mapeny, I.M."
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Item Prevalence of trypanosomosis in camel calves: A pilot study in laikipia District of Kenya(2000) Njiru, Z. K.; Ole-Mapeny, I.M.; Ouma, J.O.; Ndungu, M.J.; Olaho-Mukami, W.; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, LIRI (Uganda)Trypanosomosis is one of the most important diseases affecting camel calves. It presents itself as an acute form and is usually fatal if treatment is not carried out. A study was initiated at Mogwooni ranch in Laikipia District of Kenya to survey the prevalence of trypanosomosis in camel calves of mixed breeds, and to evaluate the microhematocrit centrifugation technique (MHCT), monoclonal antibody based card latex agglutination test (Suratex®), wet smear and mouse inoculation (MI) in the diagnosis of the disease in camels. The tests were assessed for a period of 16 months. Mean Trypanosoma evansi prevalence ranged from 4.5% as determined by the wet smear, 11.1 % by MHCT, and 14.6% by MI, to 28.3% by Suratex®. Young calf death rate due to trypanosomosis was 12.3%, while overall mortality was 15%. The cost of veterinary care (anthelmintics, acaricides and trypanocldes) was on average US$4.6 per calf per year. It is thus recommended that diagnosis accompanied by proper treatment be carried out routinely for the survival of camel calves in trypanosomosis endemic areas.Item Trypanosomosis and Helminthosis in Camels: Comparison of Ranch and Traditional Camel Management Systems in Kenya(2002) Njiru, Z.K.; Bett, B.; Ole-Mapeny, I.M.; Githiori, J.B.; Ndungu, J.M.; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Kenya Traypanosomiasis Research Institute (KETRI), P.O.Box 362, Kikuyu, KenyaTwo camel rearing systems were compared, using trypanosomiasis and helminthosis prevalence as indicators of disease constraint. Biting flies were trapped to assess their role in transmission of trypanosomiasis. Data was collected during the wet and dry seasons. The prevalences of trypanosomiasis were 17.65 and 8.5% in ranch and traditional systems, respectively, and varied with age, sex and season. On average, single helminthic infection (67.3%) was higher than mixed infection (32.7%) in both systems, while Trichostrongylus spp. were the most prevalent. The mean egg count per gram of faeces (epg) was 220±78.20 and 1750±102.67 in ranch and traditional systems, respectively. The ranch camels required more veterinary attention than the traditionally grazed ones. The biting flies caught consisted of Haematobia minuta (94.8%), Tabanus taeniola (4%) and Hippobosca camelina and H. variegata (1.2%). Most flies were caught during the wet season and around the camel sheds. From this study, it appears that camels kept under ranch management have a higher disease burden than those kept in a traditional system.
