Browsing by Author "Oyenuga, V.A."
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Item The Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Energy Values of Some Oilseed Meals and Three Commonly Used Cereal Grains Fed to Pigs(1975) Oyenuga, V.A.; Fetuga, B.L.; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, NigeriaThe need to balance the content of major nutrients in diets relative to their energy con-centration requires a knowledge of the available energy in the feed ingredients used. Unfortunately, there is a complete lack of published information on the energy values of most feeds available in many areas of the tropics. Most feed formulators have frequently used values reported elsewhere, particularly those published by the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council (NAS/NRC), 1969. Some of these values have been mathematically derived from TDN, while in many cases the list may be incomplete with regards to certain feeds available exclusively in many areas of the tropics. The present studies were conducted to determine the digestibility of nutrients, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and metabolizable energy adjusted to nitrogen equilibrium (ME) for eight locally available oilseed meals and three commonly used cereal grains in Nigeria.Item Effect of Protein Levels on Nutritive Value of Soybean Meals Fed to Growing Chicks(1975) Njike, M.C.; Mba, A.U.; Oyenuga, V.A.; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, NigeriaMale chickens were given from 1 week to 17 days of age diets based on glucose and maize starch and containing soya bean oilmeal heated to 121 deg for 15 or 20 min, in amounts providing 10, 13, 16, 18 or 20% protein. Birds gained significantly more weight when given the 3 highest amounts of the meal heated for 15 min, and the 2 highest amounts when the meal was heated for 20 min. True digestibility, carcass N and water/N ratio were not significantly affected. Carcass moisture was significantly higher with 20% protein from both meals. Net protein utilization and N retention were significantly higher with the 10 and 13% amounts for both meals.Item The Effects of grazing and Stall-Feeding on the Feed intake, Milk Yield and Composition of two Exotic Breeds of Dairy Cows at Ibadan, Nigeria(1978) Olaloku, E.A.; Mba, A.U.; Oyenuga, V.A.; Adebowale, E.A.; Olubajo, F.O.It has been demonstrated that grazed cows produced more milk, solids-corrected milk (SCM), butterfat, ash and less milk protein than the stall-fed (PItem The Effects of Varying the Level of Palm Oil in a Constant High Protein Diet on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of the Growing Pig(1975) Fetuga, B.L.; Babatunde, G.M.; Oyenuga, V.A.; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, NigeriaBurr and Burr (1929), first demonstrated the need for certain fatty acids in rat diets and Witz and Beeson (1951), later showed these to be essential in weaning pig diets. Since then, it has become an acceptable practice to include fat in diets, especially of non-ruminants, to supply the essential fatty acids, increase the caloric density of diets and serve as a vehicle for the fat soluble vitamins. Reports from temperate zones on the influence of the level and type of fat on growth and carcass characteristics of pigs have been conflicting. Abernathy et al. (1958), Kennington et al. (1958) and Pond et al. (1960) have reported increased rates of gain with dietary fat addition, while Kropf et al. (1954) and Baird et al. (1958) were unable to show any such effects. The relevant data on the effect of added fat on the carcass characteristics of pigs is also contradictory. Abernathy et al. (1958), have reported no differences in the average backfat thickness of pigs fed with different levels of beef tallow, while Heitman (1956), reported highly significant increases in backfat thickness with graded addition of fat.Item Energy and Nutrient Supply from Cynodon Nlemfuensis Variety Robustus (Vander) As Sole Ration In Sheep Nutrition(1979) Adeneye, J.A.; Oyenuga, V.A.For some time now, tropical grasses have been the subject of intensive research because of their significance in animal production. Various reports have been published in the yield, chemical composition, and digestibility of grasses grown either singly or as grasslegume mixtures. the many factors that Influence these forage attributes particularly in livestock nutrition have similarly been widely studied (Elliot and Fokkema, 1960; Corbett, Langlands and Reid, 1963; Oyenuga and Olubajo, 1966).Item Energy and Protein Requirements of West African Dwarf Sheep(1976) Adeneye, J.A.; Oyenuga, V.A.The extent to which varying levels of dietary protein fed to ruminants is utilized for maintenance, growth and lactation of temperate sheep breeds is well documented in the literature. Voluntary intake and the apparent digestibility of the dry matter and energy of rations is reported to be unaffected by the protein content of the rations (Preston,Schnakenberg and Pfander, 1965; Braman, Hatfield, Owens and Lewis, 1973; Reid and Holmes, 1956; Peterson, Hatfield and Garrigus,1973; Jones, Cecyre and Gaudreau, 1973) but additional dietary protein significantly increased the apparent digestion coefficient of dietary protein, live weight gain, and efficiency of feed utilization (Hudson, Glimp and Little,1967; Bond, Everson, Gutierrez and Warwick,1962; Rea and Ross, 1960; Broster, Tuck and Smith. 1969). This paper reports the effect of feeding increasing levels of dietary protein to West African Dwarf Sheep (WADS).Item Energy and Protein Requirements of West African Dwarf Sheep(1976) Adeneye, J.A.; Oyenuga, V.A.While large amounts of data have accumulated on the energy and protein requirements for maintenance, growth and lactation of temperate breeds of sheep, information on those of West African Dwarf Sheep are scanty. Attempts were, therefore made to ascertain some of these requirements during digestion trials in which four rations, containing increasing levels of energy, were fed twelve dwarf sheep. Iso-proteinaceous rations containing maize, ground-nut cake, palm-kernel meal and rice bran, with minerals, and vitamin supplements, were fed as supplementary rations to a forage grass basal diet, the digestibility of which had previously been determined with the sheep. The forage plus each ration was later fed simultaneously and the digestion coefficients of the nutrients and energy. The amount of total digestible nutrients (T.O.N.), digestible and metabolizable energy consumed from the forage and from each ration was then assessed. Since the 'animals gained weight on these rations, the energy and protein levels consumed and utilized for such body weight gain were ascertainedItem Nitrogen-Balance Studies with Red Sokoto (Maradi) Coats for the Minimum Protein Requirements(1975) Mba. A.U.; Egbuiwe, C.P.; Oyenuga, V.A.; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, NigeriaElliott and Topps (1963) demonstrated with two breeds of African cattle (steers) that only 33.3 per cent of the intake of digestible crude protein advocated by Brody (1945) was necessary to keep these steers in nitrogen equilibrium. Elliot and Topps (1964) also showed with Blackhead Persian wether sheep that only 40 per cent of the intake of digestible N recommended by Brody (1945) was necessary to keep these sheep in nitrogen equilibrium, a point usually considered to be synonymous with the maintenance requirement for digestible N. They used (a) the regression equations of digestible N on N retention and (b) the regression equations of digestible N intake on urinary N. They obtained daily mean value of 2.84--17: 1.55 g digestible N for the first method and 2.10= I--0.55 g digestible N for second method. However, they pointed out that the choice of N retention as the independent variable in the equation was not a very accurate one as it was subject to considerable experimental errors on short-term trials. Deif et al.(1968) obtained linear relationship between absorbed or digestible N and N retention when rams received various levels of casein, gluten or urea. They obtained the average slopes of the regression equations which they termed as N retention index for the absorbed N or the" biological value"Item Observations on the White Fulani (Bunaji) Zebu Cattle of Northern Nigeria in a Southern Nigeria Environment VII: Dietary energy and protein utilization during lactation by White Fulani (Bunaji) cows at Ibadan.(1976) Olaloku, E. A.; Oyenuga, V.A.The criterion of feed efficiency and nutrient utilization for milk production has, in recent times, become an important consideration in assessing the usefulness of the individual cow or group of cows as milk producers and the profitability of any dairy enterprise (Freeman, 1967; Miller and Hooven, 1969). In the Nigerian context, such an assessment of the lactating indigenous cattle is important in determining the usefulness of selection and •the improvements that can be expected from crossbreeding with European type (Bos taurus) dairy cattle in an attempt to increase milk production throughout the country.Item Performance of White Rock and Local Nigerian Chicks on Diets Supplemented with Fishmeal(1974) Oluyemi, J.A.; Oyenuga, V.A.; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, NigeriaOluyemi and Oyenuga (1973) found that experimental diets with 24 per cent crude protein (N x 6.25) did not support satisfactory growth rates of chicks and that the chick starter diets should contain about 27 per cent crude protein so as to obtain calorie: protein ratio• of 132-143 recommended by Combs (1962). A high dietary level of protein, depending on the amino acid balance of the intact protein used, may obviate supplementation of the diet with synthetic amino acid to achieve optimum amino acid profile of the diet (Scott, Nesheim and Young, 1969). Also, for intact protein, the animal sources are more expensive than the plant and especially in Nigeria where the animal protein is largely imported. The object of this study is to determine the extent to which fishmeal should be used in a practical chick starter diet.
