Browsing by Author "Shifrine, M."
Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
- Results Per Page
- Sort Options
Item Application of Continuous Flow Immunoelectrophoresis to Diagnosis of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia(1966) Domermuth, C.H.; Shifrine, M.; East African Veterinary Research Organisation, P.O Box, 32, Kikuyu, Kenya.Cross-over immunoelectrophoresis (CI), a serological test in which antigen and antibody combine to form a precipitate while undergoing electrophoresis, was adapted to detect antibody to contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). Of 49 serum samples from a herd of cattle with acute CBPP, 34 were positive when tested by the agar gel diffusion test for CBPP. One additional animal was positive when the CI test was used. No normal serum was positive to the CI test. It is suggested that beta-globulins may be involved in the reaction, and that the test could be effectively used as a rapid method for detecting CBPP in herds prior to quarantine.Item Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests for Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia(1964) Shifrine, M.; Gourlay, R.N.; East African veterinary Research OrganizationThe slide agglutination serum test in conjuction with agar gel diffusion tests for antigen and antibody 100% of cattle naturally infected with contigious bovine pleuropneumonia. The complement fixation test, however, failed too detect 6% of these cattle.Item The Immediate Type Allergic Skin Reaction in Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia(1965) Shifrine, M.; Gourlay, R.N.; East African Veterinary Research Organization, Muguga, Kenya.Proteins extracted from Mycoplasma mycoides by hot phenol or trichloracetic acid gave larger delayed allergic reactions in immune cattle than proteins extracted by cold phenol or ammonium sulfate. The addition of a paraffin-lanolin adjuvant to the proteins extracted by hot phenol resulted in an enhanced delayed reaction in immune cattle when inoculated s/c or i/d. Unfortunately, this material produced large reactions in some negative cattle when inoculated i/d. When inoculated s/c it still produced reactions in some negative cattle, but they were less severe. The addition of corn (maize) oil as an adjuvant was more satisfactory. When inoculated i/d it gave only a small reaction in a proportion of negative cattle and appreciably enhanced the reaction in immune cattle. Lipopolysaccharide-protein, extracted with hot phenol from cells of M. mycoides, induced an immediate allergic reaction in cattle previously inoculated with M. mycoides. The activity of this material was reduced after extraction with chloroform/methanol, or after periodate oxidation, but was unaltered after treatment with trypsin and papain, or after boiling. The lipopolysaccharide, therefore, appears to be responsible for the immediate allergic reaction. This material was not specific as it contains antigenic components in common with another bacterium isolated from cattle.Item Passive Transfer of Immunity and Formation of Lung Lesions in Cattle following Intravenous Inoculation of Antibody and Mycoplasma(1966) Gourlay, R.N.; Shifrine, M.; East African Veterinary Research Organisation, Muguga, P.O. Box 32, Kikuyu, KenyaIntravenous inoculation of hyperimmune or immune bovine serum into cattle 24 hours before intravenous inoculation of the virulent Gladysdale strain of M. mycoides transferred passive immunity as judged by the absence of oedematous reaction of Willems at the mycoplasma inoculation site. Lung lesions of CBPP developed in two cattle that had received hyperimmune or immune serum before the intravenous inoculation of mycoplasma, but also a small lesion developed in one animal not previously inoculated with serum.Item Preliminary Studies on Living Culture and Inactivated Vaccines Against Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia(Comm. for Technical Cooperation in Africa South of the Sahara, Publ. Bureau, 1965) Shifrine, M.; Beech, J. ; Plum Island Animal. Disease. Laboratory, Greenport,Work on inactivated vaccines against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (C.B.P.P.) has been reviewed by Brown (1966). Recently, there was a report from Chad (Anon., 1967) on a fully virulent Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides,t inactivated by freeze-drying in distilled water. The dried organisms in Freund's adjuvant, with or without living B.C.G. (Bacillus Calmette Guerin), were inoculated in 2 ml. doses into the dewlap of cattle. Good protection, as determined by contact challenge exposure, was observed for 12 months but not for 17 months. However, in Khartoum (Anon., 1967), after inoculation with the same vaccine, six out of 10 cattle were immune and the rest developed an early Willems reaction on subcutaneous challenge inoculation, indicating that they were sensitized.Item A rapid Gel diffusion Precipitin test for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia(1967) Shifrine, M. ; East Africa Veterinary. Research. OrganizationDuring a recent outbreak of contagiOUS bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) In Kenya, three tests used for diagnosis of this disease were re-evaluated. It was found that the slide agglutination serum test (SAST) in conjunction with agar gel diffusion test (AGT) for circulating antigen, detected 100% of cattle with CBPP whereas the complement fixation test failed to detect 6 % of these cases (Shifrine and Gourlay, 1966, Bull. Epiz. Dis. Afr., in press).Item The Use of Embryonated Chicken Eggs for the Study of Immunity to Mycoplasma mycoides(1966) Gourlay, R.N.; Shifrine, M.Sir, -The only host available at present, other than cattle, Of experimental studies on contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), is the chicken embryo; CBPP has not been transmitted as yet, in the true sense, in laboratory animals.Item The Virulence and Viability of Mycoplasma mycoides Strains 111 Chicken Embryos from Normal and Immunized Hens(1968) Shifrine, M.; Gourlay, R.N.The Gladysdale strain was inoculated into immune and normal chicken embryos and there was a decrease in the number of organisms in the immune embryos, from the 4th day after inoculation, when compared with the normal embryos. Sera from immune hens possessed agglutinating and growth inhibiting antibodies, but yolk extracts from these hens rarely contained agglutinating antibodies. The immunity possessed by embryos persisted at least 17 weeks after immunization of the hens.
