Browsing by Author "Wesongah, J.O."
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Item Epidemiology of Drug Resistant Trypanosoma Evansi Isolates From Camels in Kenya(1996) Maina, W.N.N.; Otieno, C.; Wesongah, J.O.; Auma, J.E.; Nyang'oa, J.M.N.; Olaho-Mukami, W.; Sutherland, D.V.; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, Kikuyu, KenyaThe sensitivity patterns of 22 Trypanosoma evansi isolates collected from camel herds in four districts of Kenya to melarsomine, suramin and trypacide were assessed in vitro. Trypanosome metabolism was determined by direct counting method and measurement of pyruvate levels. Eighteen isolates (85.5%) were sensitive to melarsomine with IC.o values in the range 3-35 ng/ml, while three isolates (14.5%) showed reduced sensitivity to melarsomine (lC.o 50-500 ng/ml). Resistance to trypacide was observed in twelve Isolates (58%) at 500 ng/ml, while eight isolates (38%) were resistant to suramin at 10 I1g/ml. Only six isolates (29%) were resistant to both trypacide and suramin. The isolates from Isiolo were all resistant to trypacide, while two (50%), one (25%) and one (20%) isolates from Tana River, Marbasit and Laikipia, respectively, were resistant at 500 ng/m/. All the isolates from Laikipia were sensitive to suramin (IC.o 0.06 - 3 I1g/ml) while five (63%), two (50%) and one (25%) isolates collected from Isiolo, Tana River and Marsabit, respectively were resistant at 10 1l9/ml. Similar sensitivity patterns were revealed by the pyruvate method and direct counting method. However, the pyruvate method was more reproducible, and capable of screening large number of samples.Item Prevalence of Parasitic Infection in Small Ruminants in a Pastoral Community in Narok District, Kenya.(2005) Wesongah, J.O.; Chemuliti, J.; Wesonga, F. D.; Wanjala, K.; Munga, L.; Ngare, P.; Murilla, A. G.; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute; KARI Trypanosomiasis Research Muguga NVRC National Veterinary Research CentreA cross-sectional study was carried out in two villages (Emorijoi and Ngoswani) in Lemek group ranch and one village (Enkoje) situated in Koyaki group ranch in Narok District to investigate parasitic infections in small ruminants. Blood and faecal samples were collected from 150 sheep and an equal number of goats during wet season (May-June) and dry season (August-September) and analyzed using different parasitological methods. The findings showed that parasites infecting small ruminants in the area were helminthes, Cowdria ruminantium, ticks and trypanosomes. The most prevalent genera of nematodes identified were Strongyles, which usually occurred concurrently in most animals. The percentage of animals with at least one or more helminth eggs detected during the wet season in sheep and goats was 36% (54) and 52% (78) respectively before deworming with Nilzan plus (1.5% levamisole plus refoxanide hydrochloride). Approximately two months after deworming the animals, this percentage of animals declined to 18% (27) and 24.6% (37) in sheep and goats respectively during the dry season. During the wet season the overall trypanosome prevalence in sheep and goats was 1.3% (2) and 4.6% (7) respectively and decreased Significantly to 0% (0, goats) (P<0.05) and increased to 2% (3, sheep) during the dry season but this increase was not significant (P<0.05). The overall prevalence of heartwater was significantly higher (P<0.05) in sheep (69%, 101) than in goats (47%, 70) during the wet season. Similar findings were observed for the tick numbers. The tsetse challenge recorded during the study period ranged from (0-31.1 fly per trap per day (FTD). In conclusion this study recommends strategic deworming 3-4 weeks into the rains and a good tick control programme of spraying the animals at least once every two weeks and individual treatments for trypanasomosis.
