Cereals
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Item Analysis Of Flavour And Molecular Diversity Of Kenyan Lablab Bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) Accessions(Esther Nyambura Kimani, 2010) Kimani, E. N.The legume species Lablab purpureus L. Sweet grows in most tropical environments. It is used as a cover crop and green manure and provides a high-protein food for humans and livestock feed. The study was carried out to analyse flavour components and molecular diversity of Kenyan lablab accessions. Twenty four accessions from the National genebank and farmers were evaluated for odour and bitter taste intensities using sensory tests. Analysis of cyanogenic glycosides was carried out using the picrate method and volatile compounds were isolated and separated using gas chromatography. The genetic diversity of 50 accessions was studied using Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The sensory evaluations showed significant (p~0.05) differences for the bitter taste but none for odour. Accession 10706 and 13096 exhibited the highest and lowest means respectively for both bitter and odour taste. The levels of cyanogenic glycosides were not different for the 24 accessions, but significant (p~0.05) differences were observed in the volatile compounds isolated from the accessions with upto 89% similarity of the accessions. Two hundred and sixty two volatile compounds were identified using literature databases. The molecular study revealed a total of 180 polymorphic bands. The overall mean expected heterozygosity (He) for all the populations was 0.189. The Eastern population had the highest He of 0.297. The plot of the first and second principal coordinates for cluster analysis revealed an overlap of the accessions forming a tight cluster, with the exception of four; namely Mwingi-3 and 12000 from Eastern popUlation, 12187R3 and 10706R1 from Coast and Rift Valley populations. The Unweighted pair group using mathematical arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis generated from the distance matrix revealed three major groups. Group 1 had accessions 10706R1 and Mwingi-3, group 2 had accessions 12187R3 and 12000, while group 3 had the rest of the accessions. The low diversity revealed from these results may be due to the narrow genetic base for breeding stocks, and exchange of germplasm across the country. Results obtained from this study will be of great help in lab lab accession management by ensuring maximization of exploitation of this vital resource as well as in developing breeding strategies for Lablab purpureus .Item Genotype Genotype X Environmental Interaction And Environmental Effects On Yield Yield Components Percent Seed Protein Protein Quality In Cowpeas(Musyoka S M, 1983) Musyoka, S.M.Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is extensively grown in tropical and sub-tropical environments for leaf, immature and mature seeds. It is an important component in the diets of many people and in certain places, it may be the principal source of protein (33). A wide spectrum of local cultivars is grown throughout the producing regions, reflecting consumer preferences and natural selection for types that are comparatively successful under variable and, often adverse climatic and edaphic conditions. There is limited information concerning the genetic variability for yield, yield components and the nutritive value of the edible parts and much still needs to be done to elucidate the role of the genotype x environmental interaction on yield, yield components and quality of cowpea edible parts. Such information is crucial when one considers that production of most crop varieties has been pushed to less and less favorable environments following encroachment of hitherto unsettled areas as a result of population expansion i A need therefore exists for an evaluation of the interrelationships that may exist between yield and important agronomic and quality traits and how these vary with time and location.
