Extension Leaflets and Brochures

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Appropriate Donkey Carriers and Metal Cans for Transporting Camel Milk
(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2017-04) Adongo, A.O.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
Introduction of metal cans enhances hygienic handling of marketed milk and reduces losses along the milk chain. Carrying the metal cans by donkeys or camels is a challenge unless a technology is developed to aid it. This tool is made of canvas which withstands tensile stress. It comprises 4 chambers for carrying 4 metal cans. The bottom of each compartment is flat and semicircular to allow for standing before placement on the pack animals (donkey or camel). It has six straps for tying around the animal. It has a soft padding to enhance comfort on the back of the animal. This is a tool designed to assist pastoralists to hygienically transport milk using improved metal cans with animal packs.
Breeding Management for Healthy Sheep and Goats
(Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization, 2017) Isako, T.; Kuria, S.G.; Walaga, H.K.; Njanja, J.C.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
In northern Kenya, sheep and goats are the most dominant livestock species that are traded for food and socio-cultural purposes. However, breeding malpractices are among the major factors that reduce flock productivity. Major challenges established through research in pastoral flocks are congenital problems and reduced flock performances which is attributed to inbreeding. In addition, pastoralist do not do timely castration of bucks and rams thus giving opportunity for undesired males to breed. Off season breeding has resulted in high mortality rates due to lack of feeds for both parents and offsprings.
Chicken Value Chain: Gender and Social Inclusion
(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), 2024) Ndubi, J.M.; Alaru, P.A.O.; Nyambati, E.M.; Mungube, E.O.; Kipkemoi, D.C.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
Access to resources such as land, credit, extension and a voice in decision making are important elements to consider for improved adoption of Agricultural Technologies, Innovations and Management Practices (TIMP) by the various gender categories for improved food and nutritional security as well as poverty reduction. Although agricultural TIMPs might lead to increased production and income, there is no guarantee that more income will address the poverty, food and nutrition security situation in the household. Who has access to what resources and who dominate what decisions at household, local and national levels in relation to the use of additional income are important when considering what degree food, nutrition security and poverty will improve. If we close this gender gap by improving power relations and access to resources by the various gender categories, yields would increase by 20–30%.
Coffee Field Establishment
(Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), 2017) Odeny, D.A. ; Minai, D.A. ; Luusa, J.M.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Organization
Climate Requirements. Altitude 1400- 2000 m above sea level East of the Rift valley and 1500-1900 m above sea level West of Rift valley. Temperature range 150 C -300 C. The diurnal range of temperature should not exceed 190C. Average annual rainfall 1000 mm and 1145 mmEast and West of Rift, respectively.
Coffee Nursery Management
(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2017) Minai, J.M.; Gimase, J.; Luusa, J.M.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
Select and ensure that the site is level /gently sloped, bench terraced (where % slope is greater than 4 –5%), weed free (especially perennial weeds), sheltered from strong winds, accessible - for ease of transport, has permanent /reliable water source.
Common Diseases of Tea in Kenya
(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2017) Cheramgoi, E.; Nyabundi, K.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
Armillaria root rot, Hypoxylon wood and Stem canker are the common disease problems in both small and large scale tea farms in the East and West of the rift valley.: On mature and senescent (old) leaves Brown to grey round to oval lesions marked with concentric zonation which form black fructifications (bigger than those of brown blight) in concentric rings on the upper surface of the lesions.
Common Pests of Tea in Kenya
(KALRO, 2017) Cheramgoi, E. ; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)
Pests of tea in Kenya often cause serious damage resulting in economic losses. Tea mites increase particularly during the dry season and subside in the wet months. High infestation result in serious defoliation and delayed recovery from drought. Tea mites are common pests in the regions east of rift valley while Helopeltis spp. and termites are common in the West of rift valley.
Control Mastitis for Hygienic Camel Milk
(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Oganization (KALRO), 2017) Adongo, A.O. ; Tura, I. ; Kuria, S.G.; Wayua, F.O.; Golicha, D.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Oganization (KALRO).
Mastitis causes part or whole of the camel udder to swell. The disease is mainly caused by bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus agalac tiae). Some local camel keepers believe the disease results from 'bad eye' or the envy of neighbours with ill feelings on another's herd. It is commonly referred to as Budha by many camel keepers. Milk from an infected camel may contain blood, flakes and changes colour from white yellow or red.
Control of Anthracnose Disease in Mangoes
(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), 2017) Mureithi, C.; Kalama, P.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a native to India and S.E Asia. It is grown throughout the tropics and subtropics worldwide including Kenya. Post harvest diseases reduce fruit quality and cause severe losses, as high as 100% especially in very humid conditions. Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one such major disease. The pathogen also causes blossom blight, leaf blight, and in severe cases, tree dieback.
Control of Weevil and Anthracnose Disease in Mangoes in Kerio Valley
(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), 2017) Kalama, P.; Kwambai, T.K. ; Kiprono, B. ; Kirembu, D.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)
Mango seed weevil (MSW) Sternochetus mangiferae (F) is a pest of mango and is native to Indo-Myanmar but is also widespread in Kenya. Damage is caused by the larvae. Early attack leads to premature fruit drop. Fruits still on the trees do not show visible external symptoms. Reduces germination capacity of seeds. Results in fruit loss due to rotting. Direct losses can be as high as 80%. This weevil is regarded as a quarantine pest.
Control Roadside Erosion Using Vetiver Grass
(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2017) Ondicho, A.R. ; Mwangi, T.J.K. ; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
Roadside erosion is the detachment of soil particles from along the road embankments, transportation and deposition of the particles along the embankments, on farms, in water bodies or on other land surfaces. Roadside erosion is caused mainly by storm water from hilltops, steep slopes, and hard surfaces such as roof tops, as well as runoff from roads, quarries, and construction sites.
Cowpea Breeding
(Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)., 2022) Kuruma, R.; Kihwaga, C.; Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)
Cowpea 2nd most important legume crop after common beans. Cultivated on 192,000 ha primarily in arid and semi arid areas. Accounts to 16% of Kenya’s pulse production with 90% - grown in Eastern region. Mainly grown by women for household consumption.
Desiree: A Potato Variety for Quality Chips
(KALRO, 2017) Onditi, O.J.; Karinga, J.K. ; Nderitu, S.W.K.; Nyongesa, M.; Mbiyu, W.M.; Oyoo, J.; Otieno, S.; Muthoni, J.M.; Kabira, J.N.
Desiree is a short potato variety (about 0.7 metres in high) with strong erect stems, dark green medium sized leaves and rare light pink flowers.
Development & Dissemination of Bean Technologies
(KALRO-Katumani, 2022) Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)
Kenya is the seventh-largest global producer of common beans. The crop is cultivated almost exclusively by approximately 1.5 million smallholder farmers across around a million hectares. Beans are grown throughout Kenya, with Eastern, Nyanza, Central, Western, and Rift Valley regions being the primary areas of cultivation.
Diagnosis and Control of Coccidiosis in Goat and Lambs for Fast Growth
(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2017) Njanja, J.C.; Walaga, H.; Lesira, H.; Kuria, S.G.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
An infection of the gastrointestinal tract by the Coccidia family of Eimeria spp.
Doum Palm and Its Products: A Source of Income to Pastoralists in Northern Kenya
(Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization, KALRO, 2017) Gudere, A.N.; Mamo, M.H.; Bulle, H.; Walaga, H.K.; Adongo, A.O.; Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)
Doum palm (Hyphaenia compressa) is one of the most common plants in northern Kenya and has potential to provide an alternative livelihood. The palm has economic, ecological, social and medicinal values among the pastoral communities. Ecologically, doum palm found along lake shores, oasis areas and along the river in a specified niche. Pastoralist communities associate it with high water table. The doum palm provides a range of products. Currently, communities in Northern Kenya have diversified the use of doum palm into various products that can be marketed to generate income to poor households.
Dryland Beans: Plant KALRO Dry Land Beans to Reduce Poverty and Raise Incomes in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands
(Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization, 2017) Kathuli, P.; Golicha, D.; Kimotho, L.M.; Ngutu, M.N.; Maingi, P.M.; Adongo, A.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
Beans are the most widely used pulses in the dry lands. They are grown in low, dry and warmer areas and are a major source of proteins in cereal-based diets. Large amounts of beansare sold locally in urban centres and are alsoexported in green, dried and processed forms. Majority of beans fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, thus contributing significantly to the sustainability of soil fertility in the dry lands, cropping systems and hence reduce the requirements for inorganic fertilizers.
Dutch Robijn: A Potato Variety with Excellent Crisping and Mashing Quality
(Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization, 2013) Onditi, O.J.; Karinga, J.K.; Nderitu, S.W.K.; Nyongesa, M.; Mbiyu, W.M.; Oyoo, J.; Otieno,S.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
Plant description. This is a relatively short potato variety (just about 0.8 metre in height) with strong erect stems, dark green medium sized leaves and very rare light pink flowers. Potential yield: Ranges between 20-30 t/ha (72-110 bags if packed in 110 kg bags per acre) under sufficient rainfall and recommended crop production practices.
Economics of Seed and Hay Production in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas
(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2017) Manyeki, J.K.; Kirwa, E.C.; Bryan, P.O.; Muthiani, E.N.; Mnene, W.N.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
National efforts to rehabilitate the degraded Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs) has been ongoing through reseeding with the appropriate grasses, namely, Chloris roxburghiana (CHROX), Cenchrus ciliaris (CECI), Eragrostis superba (ERASU) and Enteropogon machrostychus (ENMA). However, there is inadequate information on the expected economic returns resulting in low priorities being assigned to range improvement by farmers and the government.
The Effects of Agricultural Technology Transfer through participatory Methodologies; Case Study of Farmer Field schools in Kakamega District
(Kenya Agricultural Research Institiute, 2001) Edward, B.; Kenya Agricultural Research Institiute
Kenya has had vibrant agricultural extension programs to support the agriculture sub sector. The approaches adopted in the various programs have tended to vary from the Conventional agricultural extension approach (CAEA), a post-independence (1960s - 1970s) approach, to the Farm Management Approach to Extension, this was also one of the first post-independence extension approach introduced in the 1960s, to the Integrated Extension, Integrated Agricultural Development Project (IADP), this approach started in 1976 and was aimed at addressing and eliminating input and marketing constraints of the farmers, to Training and Visit (T&V) that was dominant in the (1970's-1980s), to Farming Systems and of late Farmers Field Schools (FFS).