The Food of the Red-billed Oxpecker, Buphagus Erythrorhynchus (Stanley)

Abstract

The Red-billed Oxpecker, or Tick-bird, is the East African representative of a genus that has always excited interest by reason of the peculiar feeding habits of its members. They obtain the whole of their food on the bodies of the larger Herbivora, and their abnormally sharp claws permit them to travel in any direction and to visit every spot on the bodies of their hosts. It is obvious that to stock-owners’ birds of these habits must be of economic importance, but veterinary, ornithological and entomological literature alike have failed to provide any record of an investigation of their food. In the absence of published data application was made to various authorities for their opinions and for any detailed information they might have. Astonishingly diverse replies were given. The head of a veterinary laboratory in one of the East African dependencies wrote as follows: “I believe they do pick off ticks, although I doubt if they eat these; their object being to find a wound. When they have succeeded, they feed on the exposed raw tissue.” Another local veterinary authority remarked: “They cause a great deal of damage through the sores they produce in stock.” A game warden said: “I always regarded the oxpecker as an unmitigated nuisance and pest. The prevalent idea that this bird frees domestic stock of ticks appears to be entirely erroneous. These birds feed mainly on the raw tissue of open wounds and it is by their action that the open wounds usually occur.” Other observers of wide experience are less downright.