Browsing by Author "Ferris, R.D."
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Item The Serial Cultivation of Calf Kidney Cells for Use In Virus Research(1961) Ferris, R.D.; Plowright, W.; East African Veterinary Research OrganizationAttempts to establish lines of cells from calf kidney mono layers are described in detail. Six of 9 culture series were maintained for periods of 11 to 24 weeks, involving 10 to 22 transfers; growth then failed rapidly and completely. Two further lines were passaged 50 and 66 times drying 21 and I7 months respectively; their growth remained satisfactory up to the 37th mid 41st in vitro generations, but thereafter was not sufficiently regular or vigorons to allow their satisfactory use ill virus investigations. No "transformed" or "altered" cell-type appeared in any of these cultures. The last line (BK/I65) was shown to be capable of sustained, rapid multiplication over more than 70 subcultures in a period of 18 months. This, also, was not a "transformed" type of cell. It was preserved ill glycerine-containing media at -700 C. for at least 10 months, with good retention of viability. All serially-cultivated calf kidney cells were highly susceptible to rinderpest virus passaged in primary calf kidney monolayers. Following a few serial passages in the "cell lines" good virus yields were not often obtained, but this eventually proved to be consistently possible with the line BK/I65. The latter was also found to be valuable for serial propagation of the virus of malignant catarrhal fever and susceptible to a bovine para-influenza virus.Item Studies with a strain of Contagions Pustular Dermatitis Virus in Tissue Culture(1959) Plowright, W.; Witcomb, M.A.; Ferris, R.D.A description is given of the growth and cytopathogenicity of an English strain of contagious pustular dermatitis (C. P. D.) virus in mono• layer cultures derived from lam b and calf testes and the kidney" of embryo-nic sheep, calve:; and goat kids. This strain behaved very similarly to other mammalian pox-like virus: under investigation. The infection was disseminated more rapidly and completely in cultures of testis cells and peak titres were often "lightly higher in this cell type. Some evidence produced suggested that adsorption of viral inocula to testis cells was more complete than to kidney cells. Growth curve studies in sheep kidney and testis cell' are described in detail. The amount of virus-l demonstrable in the fluid was consistently less than that in attached cells throughout the phase of logarithmic' increase and for a considerable time thereafter.Item Studies with Rinderpest Virus in Tissue Culture(1961) Plowright, W.; Ferris, R.D.; East African Veterinary Research Organization, Muguga, Kikuyu, KenyaThe stability of cultured rinderpest virus, in maintenance medium containing 5% normal ox serum, was studied at 4°, 37°, and 56° C. The half-life at these temperatures was calculated and the results compared with figures available for other strains of rinderpest virus in cattle tissues and for measles virus in tissue culture fluids. Data were also provided on the freezing of the same virus at −25° C and −70° C, with storage for periods of up to four months. The accuracy of replicate virus titrations, in primary or serially-cultivated calf-kidney cells, was determined. Details were given of tissue culture techniques for the detection and titration of neutralizing antibody to rinderpest virus in the sera of animals, especially cattle. Box titrations of a standard ox immune serum showed that a 1 log increase in virus dose lowered the SN50 titre of the serum by a mean 0.56 log units. The error in replicate titrations of two standard immune sera, using different batches of calf-kidney cells as substrate, was determined. The effect of normal ox serum on rinderpest virus was investigated and the sera of over 3.000 experimental cattle were examined by a “screening” test for immunity. There were no false positives and only 0.25% of the serologically-negative cattle gave later evidence of resistance to challenge. Tissue culture techniques for the detection and titration of rinderpest neutralizing antibody are briefly compared with the methods hitherto available.
