Browsing by Author "Liversage, V."
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Item Agricultural Policy in Trinidad(July, 1944) Liversage, V.; Deparment of Agriculture, KenyaA largely and detailed report on agricultural policy in Trinidad and Tabago has recently been submitted by committee under chairmanship of Mr . A.J. wake field, C.M.G. This report will be special Interest to the imaginative (pessimistic?) reader in East Africa Who may see in the condition of the Trinidad a preview of future Africa Reading between the line one sees a picture of the society.Item Agricultural Statistics in Kenya(1935/1936) Liversage, V.Modern developments in the design of tabulating machines have greatly enlarged the scope of the statistical work which can be carried out with a reasonable expenditure of labour and time, and have brought within the bounds of possibility a degree of analysis which was previously out of the question.Item The Bombay Potato Market(1940) Liversage, V.The bulk of the potatoes imported into Bombay come from Italy. Japan made an attempt to enter the market recently, but the potatoes received from that country, though externally appearing to be of the kind desired, proved to be slimy on cooking and have proved unacceptable.Item Control of Primary Production: A Review(1937) Liversage, V.; Agricultural Economist, Department of Agriculture, Kenya Colony.During the last decade or so we have seen the inception of a considerable number of group organizations of primary producers designed to secure a greater measure of control over the marketing of their products. "Here is no mere extension, or quickening of previous development ... here is something so fundamental and so novel as genuinely to merit the adjective 'revolutionary' and so vigorous in its growth as to command our utmost attention." Control schemes of regional, national and international scope have been set up, some of them directly supported by Government. East Africa has not been backward in the movement. The best known are, of course, those of international scope, and as agriculturists we are particularly interested in those relating to tea, coffee, sugar, rubber, wheat, and cotton.Item Kenya Coffee, Graphic Analysis of Post War Prices(1936) Liversage, V.; Department of Agriculture, KenyaThe price movements of Kenya coffee are analysed and graphically recorded and compared with those of Costa Rica and Rio No. 7 coffees. It is shown that the value of coffee has in reality been much more steady than at first sight appears, and that in spite of increased production of Brazilian and mild coffees there is no evidence of any appreciable decline in the basic value of coffee in the world market. The seasonal cycle for Kenya coffee prices based on the years 1922-35, taking 100 as normal, shows a rise from 86 in July to 108 in December and 111 in January and February, falling to 108 in March, 100 in April and back to 86 in July. The reasons for this fluctuation are possibly seasonal variations in quality, the appearance on the market of coffee from different districts or even preconceptions on the part of the buyers. A further article on this subject is promised.Item Labour and Land in Native Reserves(1937) Leckie, G.W.; Watt, L.W.; Liversage, V.; Agricultural Economist, Department of Agriculture; Forestry, Provincial Agricultural; Department of Agriculture, Kenya ColonyAgricultural officers in East Africa, as in other similar territories, are faced with the task of creating a new rural system in replacement of one which has outlived its usefulness. The fact of the introduction of European control alone has rendered the indigenous systems obsolete, even apart from the desirability of raising the living standards of the people to a level more in conformity with Western ideas.Item Land Tenure and Colonial Development:(1946) Nduthie, D.W.; Liversage, V.Much has been talked and written about the British colonial policy of holding the tropical dependecies in trust for the native peoples, of raising the standard of education and hygiene, and of encouraging responsibility and self-government. As a long-term policy thi is undoubledly the best, if not the only way, to create a true commonwealth of widely different races and religions.Item Marginal costs(1943) Liversage, V.; Department of Agriculture, KenyaMany pronouncements made about costs of production, profit and loss have an air of unreality due to over-simplification. At the present time almost all economic activity is falling under official control; prices and margins in all directions are being laid down by official bodies and there was never a time when a sound knowledge of price-making forces was more desirable. The underlying philosophy of price-fixing is in a state of flux. Sometimes it tends in the direction of a "just price" conception, such as was characteristic of the middle ages, when, the public had decided views as to what prices ought to be, when there were the Assize of Bread and the Assize of Ale, and when "engrossing" (cornering the market) and "re-grating" (turning over at a profit without increasing the intrinsic value of the goods) were penal offences. At other times the aim is to set such prices as will just suffice to call forth the production or the services required, as when the price of maize and wheat is advanced to encourage greater production, but that of cotton is kept down to discourage increased production at the expense of crops more essential in present circumstances.Item A Note on Butter Production and Prices(1938) Liversage, V.; Department Agriculture, Kenya Colony.Fig. 1 illustrates in graphic form the course of prices of butter in London, and of exports from Kenya, from the beginning of 1931. If an attempt is made to steer a middle course through the short period u;:>-and-down movements it will be seen that the trend of prices was steadily downwards to a low point about the middle of 1934 and thence steadily upward to the present time. The trend of exports is steadily upwards from the middle of 1931.Item Notes on Land Tenure(1940) Liversage, V.The portion of the country of Egypt which is exploited agriculturally is confined to a narrow strip on each side of the Nile from the boundary of the Sudan to near Cairo, and the fan-shaped delta north of Cairo. This area has from ancient times been irrigated by basin irrigation during the Nile flood, and the soil has been built up by successive annual deposits of silt. All but a small portion has now been converted to canal irrigation.Item Rural Reconstruction in South Africa(October, 1944) Liversage, V.; N.D.A., Department of Agriculture, KenyaBotany should be dealt with by a class of sylphs; instead of which its priests are often old and unenthuasistic men. Plod through page after page of botanical description, and where do you find any hint as a rule of the matchless beauty they should be describing? Little if any mention is made of the colour of the "corolla" (as it is correct to call the showy part of the flower), but what the botanist likes to note with so much satisfaction is that the plant iseither glabrous or scabrous, that it is possibly caulescent and that the outer whorl is covered with black emergences. He likes the perianth cup to be short and fleshy and prefers the anthers to be sessile. Not a single exclamation of praise or prayer at the flower displayed. Of course he is right; science must be unemotional.Item A Simple System of Farm Accounts and Records(1935/1936) Liversage, V.The commercial basis of modern farming renders some sort of book-keeping almost indispensable. A large proportion of farmers, however, have no knowledge of the principles of double-entry and no need for the elaborate methods employed in other industries.Item Some Observations on Farming Economics in the Nakuru District(1938) Liversage, V.; Department of Agriculture, KenyaThe remarks which follow are based on a tour recently undertaken in the Njoro Rongai Solai Subuki a area. The area consists of a cross-section of the Rift Valley from the neighbourhood of Njoro at an altitude of 7,100 ft. through the Rongai and Solai areas, falling to 5,500 ft. in the Solai Valley, and rising again to Subukia on the eastern slopes of the Rift Valley. The coffee areas in the Solai Valley and in Subukia were not included in the survey. Most of the farm records referred to in the following account relate to the open flattish country on the old lake deposits of Njoro, Rongai and the area between Menengai crater and the Thomson's Falls escarpment. They come within the zone designated Rongai—Solai in the Agricultural Census and Crop Reports. Difficulties of presentation of data The presentation of data in tabular form presents considerable difficulty under Kenya conditions. The most useful basis for tabulation, when the object is to make useful comparisons, is the factor of production round which the farm economy is organized. This is the factor which imposes the most important limit to the scale or the methods of operation. In closely settled countries the farmer's approach to his economic problems is made from the starting point that his land is a fixed quantity, at any rate for the time being, and the question is how much labour and how much capital shall be associated with it. In England the.Item Tenure of Native Land in East Africa: The Economic Aspect(1936) Liversage, V.It is hoped that these notes may elicit the views of persons with administrative experience. By constituting in the imagination a "second India" on the onehand, and on the other, a "Denmark without debts", it is possible to derive an impression of the tremendous social and agricultural importance of the subject of land tenure at the present stage of rapidtransition.Item What Is Wrong With European Agriculture In Kenya?(1945) Liversage, V.European agriculture in Kenya was the subject of almost continuous political preoccupation during the decade before the war. One scheme or another for putting it on its feet was under review most of the time, the majority of the schemes being concerned with raising the price of the products. In this, Kenya was of course by no means peculiar, since the same nay 'be said of most other countries. But Kenya is unlike most countries in that agriculture contributes nearly the whole of the "national income'. There appeared to be a widespread nation that European agriculture could not subsist on export prices alone, and must receive a measure of support from the local -market in order to survive. At the same time, increased white settlement was an a vowed object.
