Browsing by Author "Mutuma, E."
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Item Cow Pea Trainer of Trainers’ Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization., 2019-04) Macharia, D.; Waithaka, M.; Otipa, M.; Too, A.; Esilaba, A.O.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Mutuma, E.; Kathuku-Gitonga, A.N.; Mutisya, D.; Njunie, M.; Muli, B.; Karanja, J.K.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization.Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is an important food and fodder legume crop in the semi-arid tropics. It is grown in 45 countries across the world. An estimated 14.5 million ha of land is planted to cowpea each year worldwide. Sub-Saharan Africa region accounts for about 84% of area as well as production. The world average yield is estimated at about 450 kg/ha. Kenya is among the major cowpea producing countries in Africa. Cowpea is well suited to diverse environments and fit in various cropping systems owing to their wide adaptability, low input requirements, fast growth, nitrogen fixing and weed smothering ability. The majority of cowpea growers are women who grow the crop primarily for household food, but also for sale-an increasing phenomenon in recent years. The typical woman cowpea grower has a small plot, 0.625 to 2.5 acres often intercropped with other cereals such as sorghum, millet and maize. The purpose of this training of trainers’ module is to familiarize master trainers on the cowpea technologies, innovations and management practices (TIMPs) and empower them with knowledge and skills to train farmers’ trainers.Item Effect of Tillage, Liming, and Cropping Systems on Maize Yields in Different Agroecological Zones in Kenya(East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal, 2023) Githunguri, C.M.; Esilaba, A.O.; Okoti, M.; Mutuma, E.; Miriti, J.; Nyongesa, D.; Thuranira, E.; Koech, M.; Mutoko, C.; Ndungu, K.; Ooro, P.; Ketiem, P.; Mwangi, H.; Woyengo, V.; Odendo, M.; Ashiono, G.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization(KALRO)Negative effects induced by climate change have contributed to reduced global yields of maize. There is therefore need to endow farmers with innovative and transformative climate smart agriculture technologies to urgently address food insecurity and the realities of climate change in cereal growing regions of Kenya. Technologies have been generated for improved maize and beans production and their impact has not been fully felt. In this study, technologies and innovations on tillage, liming and cropping systems that can improve maize and beans production were evaluated and demonstrated to farmers in different agro-ecological zones in Kenya with the aim of enhancing their adoption. Trials were established at KALRO-Njoro, KALRO-Kakamega, KALRO-Kitale, Baraton University, and Mabanga Agricultural Training Centre, in Nakuru, Kakamega, Trans-Nzoia, Nandi, and Bungoma Counties, respectively. The tillage treatments evaluated included conventional, tied ridges, minimum and zero tillage planted in plots applied with 2 t/ha of lime or without lime. The cropping systems evaluated were maize intercropped with beans or sole cropped maize. A split-split plot design with four replications was used. Results indicated that conventional, tied ridges, and minimum tillage produced higher (P<0.05) yields than the zero tillage with or without lime irrespective of the cropping system in Nakuru, Nandi and Trans-Nzoia Counties. In Nandi, Kakamega and Bungoma Counties, there were no differences (P>0.05) between the four tillage systems.Item Effects of Organic Manure Application, Seeding Rate, and Planting Methods on Teff Grain Yields and Biomass Production in Marsabit, Kenya(East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal, 2022) Kiria, A.Y.; Muchiri, J.; Mushimiyimana, D.; Mutuma, E.; Kenya Agriculture Livestock Research Organization(KALRO) ; Kenya Methodist University ; Chuka UniversityTeff (Eragrostis tef) is an annual cereal grass mainly found in warm climates. It is a staple food crop North Eastern Kenya as well as an important source of livestock feed and fodder. The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of organic manure application on teff kernel yields and biomass production in Marsabit Kenya. An experiment was set up to test the effects of manure application on grain yield and biomass production of teff in a randomized complete blocks (RCBD) a split plot arrangement. Three manure levels (0, 5 and 10 ton/ha), at seeding rate of 5, 10 ,15 and 20 kg/ha and 2 sowing methods (broadcasting and row planting 20 cm row spacing by drill) were tested. A popularly known landrace variety was used as the test crop. The results showed that the optimal panicle length (60 cm), grain yield (1180 kg/ ha) and biomass yield (2500 kg/ha) were achieved through the application of organic manure at the rate of 10 tons/ha and seeding rate of 10 kg/ ha. The lowest grain yield of 500 kg/ha and 750 kg/ha of grain yield and biomass yield respectively were recorded in plots without organic manure treatments. F values from split plot analysis indicated significant biomass differences due to manure, seeding rate as well as sowing method at P<0.0001. The differences between the blocks were not significant for both biomass and grain yield at P=0.2326 and 0.4750 respectively. The interaction between manure application and seeding rate was significant at p<0.001 for both biomass and grain yield. This indicates that the difference between manure treatments on biomass and grain yield depended on seeding rate. The high values of the sum of squares indicated high variability of data from the mean among the blocks. Interactions between manure and sowing method; seeding rate and sowing method did not statistically influence biomass and grain yield. This study concludes that manure application and the seeding rate are important consideration in teff farming for both biomass and grain yield.Item Farming as a Business Trainer of Trainers Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), 2019-04) Nyongesa, D.; Esilaba, A.O.; Rono, B.; Kavoi, J.; Mwenda, M.; Okoti, M; Kathuku-Gitonga, A.N.; Mutuma, E.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)This training manual focuses on building trainees’ capacity in entrepreneurial and management skills through a "learning by doing" approach, eventually leading to, and aiming at developing farmer’s skills and competencies in business while improving their knowledge, changing their attitudes towards farming as a business (FAB) and producing for the market. This will be done through a season-long programme that has been designed to be demand responsive, flexible and practical. It is, however, important to note that farmers learn in small groups, in their own farming environment and at their own pace. The training module intends to master for Training of Trainers (ToTs) constituting government extension personnel and service providers. They will in turn enhance capacity of the farmers under the KCEP-CRAL Programme. The module covers the following broad topics: Farming enterprises; Markets and marketing; Keeping farm records and accounts; Business planning and business plan; Group dynamics; and Gender mainstreaming and communication.Item KALRO-KCEP - CRAL Green Grams Trainer of Trainers’ Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2019-04) Macharia, D.; Waithaka, M.; Otipa, M.; Too, A.; Esilaba, A.O.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Mutuma, E.; Kathuku-Gitonga, A.N.; Mutisya, D.; Njunie, M.; Muli, B.; Karanja, J.K.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationGreen gram (Vigna radiata L.) also known as Mung bean and in Kiswahili Ndengu is one of the potential food and cash crop pulses that have been observed to perform well in the arid regions of Kenya. The crop is commonly grown in central, south Nyanza, eastern and coastal regions. Green gram is well suited to diverse environments and fit in various cropping systems owing to their wide adaptability, low input requirements, fast growth, nitrogen fixing and weed smothering ability. Sole crop, cereal-bean and root or tuber crop-green gram intercrops are important among the many green gram cropping systems in Kenya and for which the crop‘s rapid maturity and shade tolerance make it particularly suitable.Item KCEP-CRAL Millet Training of Trainers’ Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization., 2019-04) Kisilu, R.; Muli, B.; Karanja, J.K.; Otipa, M.; Esilaba, A.O.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Mutuma, E.; Kathuku-Gitonga, A.N.; Too, A.; Mutisya, D.; Njunie, M.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationThe purpose of this training of trainer’s module is to familiarize extension officers, lead farmers and service providers on the millet production practices and empower them knowledge and skills to train farmers’ trainers.. This will enable them to impart knowledge on good agricultural millet production practices to farmers through farmer trainings.Millets are a group of grasses mainly found in the arid and semiarid regions. They produce small seeded grains and are often cultivated as cereals. They include Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Finger millet (Eleusine coracana), Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) and Foxtail millet (Setaria italica). The popularity of millet fell for some years due to introduction of maize, wheat and rice, but the current unpredictable rainfall patterns accompanied by frequent maize crop failures have led to renewed interest in the production of indigenous, drought tolerant crops. Popularity of millets is once again on the rise with millers demand being far above the deliveries. Land under millets production in Kenya was 111,271 ha in 2011 with a production of 73,396 tons.Item KCEP–CRAL Soil and Fertility Management Trainer of Trainers’ Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2019-04) Esilaba, A.O.; Mangale, N.; Kathuku-Gitonga, A.N.; Njiru, E.; Muindi, E.M.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Mutuma, E.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationThe agriculture sector in Kenya directly contributes 26 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and another 27 per cent of GDP indirectly through linkages with other sectors. However, growth in this sector is constrained by, among other factors, declining soil fertility and deteriorating soil health. Soil management strategies center on: acquisition of appropriate knowledge on soils, their utilization and maintenance of their fertility for sustainable improved crop productivity. This module is intended to familiarize participants on the importance of soil management and recognition that healthy and fertile soils are essential for crop productivity and value chains.Agricultural productivity in Kenya is generally low despite the high demand from the increasing population. Yields of the major staple crops, maize and beans, obtained by farmers are well below the research potential yields and this is attributed to various problems including low soil fertility resource base (low soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and some micro-nutrients) and poor land and water management. Such poor management results in loss of soil nutrients estimated at 21% of nitrogen, 8% phosphorous and 45% Muriate of Potash per year per hectare. Soil fertility management is therefore crucial for farmers to realize potential yields and improve households and national food and nutrition security.Item Maize Trainer of Trainers’ Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), 2019-04) Karanja, J.K.; Otipa, M.; Esilaba, A.O.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Mutuma, E.; Kathuku-Gitonga, A.N.; Too, A.; Mutisya, D.; Njunie, M.; Muli, B.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)The purpose of this training of trainer’s module is to familiarize extension officers, lead farmers and service providers on the maize production manual content and empower them with the capacity and training methods. This will enable them to impart knowledge on good agricultural production practices of maize farming through farmer trainings. Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple food in Kenya. It can be used as food, feed for animals and as a source of industrial raw material. It contributes to about 65% of daily per capita cereal consumption. Maize accounts for more than 20% of the total agricultural production and 25% of agricultural employment in the country. Maize is an important source of carbohydrate, protein, iron, vitamin B, and minerals. Its products include baked, roasted and boiled fresh maize on the cob, porridge, pastes, beer, starch, oil and livestock feed from by-products of fresh and dry maize grain.Item Sorghum Trainer of Trainers’ Manual(KALRO, 2019-04) Kisilu R.; Muli, B.; Karanja J. K; Otipa, M.; Esilaba, A. O.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Mutuma, E.; Kathuku-Gitonga A.N; Too A.; Mutisya D.; Njunie M.; Wasilwa L.The purpose of this training of trainer’s module is to familiarize extension officers, lead farmers and service providers on the sorghum production manual content empower them to train farmers. This will enable them to impart knowledge on good agricultural sorghum production practices to sorghum cultivators through farmer training.Sorghum is one of the most important cereal crops in Semi-Arid Tropics due to its drought and heat tolerance. The crop performs well at 500 - 1700 m.a.s.l. and seasonal rainfall of 300mm and above. The area is home to over 35% of Kenyan population and supports over 25% of the human population as well as more than 26% of livestock. The area under sorghum cultivation in Kenya is 184,654 ha. In recent years the promotion of the use of sorghum varieties in beer production has spurred renewed interest in the commercial production of sorghum, as it offers farmers prospects for higher returns.
