Browsing by Author "Wasilwa, L."
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Item Changes of Soil Conditions and Maize Yield After Years of Conventional Tillage on a Mollic Soil(East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal, 2023) Mwangi, H.G.; Irene, W.G.; Ooro, P.A.; Esilaba, A.O.; Githunguri, C.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural Livestock & Research Organization (KALRO)-Njoro ; University of NairobiSoil tillage affects soil physical, biological and nutrient cycling capacity. Field studies were conducted from 2016 to 2018 on same site using two tillage systems Conventional and Reduced tillage. Conventional tillage was done using a 3-disc plough while reduced tillage was done using a Chisel plough. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in some soil properties induced by two different tillage treatments and their effect on maize grain yield. The trial was set at Kenya Agricultural Livestock & Research Organization (KALRO) Njoro on a Mollic Andosol. The design was randomised complete block replicated four times. The factor tillage had two levels. Changes in water stable aggregates, compaction as measured by changes in bulk density, soil water retention at pF 4.2, total soil organic carbon and hence soil organic matter, microbial biomass [bacteria and fungi] in form of total microbial biomass-N and microbial biomass-C and maize yield were obtained after three years in 2018. With exception of bulk density that was found to be higher in Conventional tillage, results showed that aggregate stability water stable aggregates, soil water retention capacity at pF4.2, soil organic matter. Total microbial biomass-nitrogen and microbial biomass-carbon were higher in reduced tillage. Maize grain yield was higher (p<0.05) in reduced tillage. Bulk density of the soil was observed to be higher after three years of conventional tillage compared to reduced tillage. Reduced tillage increased soil organic matter, structure, water retention and microbial biomass and maize yields. This study has revealed that reduced tillage is pivotal in healing the highly weathered soils that have become degraded and soil fertility has declined through decades of continuous disc and plough tillage, lengthy exploitation and nutrient mining leading to low crop yields.Item Cow Pea Production Training and Extension Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2016-08) Too, A.; Esilaba, A.O.; Bett, B.; Gathambiri, C.; Githunguri, C.; Nyongesa, D.; Nassiuma, E.; Odoyo, E.; Wanjekeche, E.; Wamaitha, J.; Miriti, J.; Wasilwa, L.; Waithaka, M.; Otipa, M.; Likhayo, P.; Kuruma, R.W.; Amata, R.; Ochieng, V.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationCowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is believed to have originated in Africa where a large genetic diversity of wild types occur throughout the continent, particularly southern Africa, however the greatest genetic diversity of cultivated cowpea is found in West Africa. In Kenya, cowpea is an important source of proteins consumed in many households. It is consumed in the form of whole dried seeds or leaves. Cowpea is grown as a green leafy vegetable mainly in Western Kenya and for grain mainly in the dry lands of Eastern, Coast and Nyanza regions. Cowpea grown as a vegetable requires rich soils and high rainfall. In contrast, cowpea grown for grain requires low rainfall and high temperature. 85% of total area under cowpea production in the eastern region of Kenya, is under intercropping systems with maize and or cassava. Cowpea rank second to beans in importance as vegetable protein food crops. The production is mainly at subsistence level by small-holder farmers with low input. The crop is mainly grown by smallholder farmers. However, pests and diseases are major constraints in cowpea production in Kenya. Accuracy in pest and disease identification are important for proper management making it necessary to build the capacity of extension officers and small holder farmers in pest and disease management in orderto minimize losses.Item Cow Pea Trainer of Trainers’ Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization., 2019-04) Macharia, D.; Waithaka, M.; Otipa, M.; Too, A.; Esilaba, A.O.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Mutuma, E.; Kathuku-Gitonga, A.N.; Mutisya, D.; Njunie, M.; Muli, B.; Karanja, J.K.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization.Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is an important food and fodder legume crop in the semi-arid tropics. It is grown in 45 countries across the world. An estimated 14.5 million ha of land is planted to cowpea each year worldwide. Sub-Saharan Africa region accounts for about 84% of area as well as production. The world average yield is estimated at about 450 kg/ha. Kenya is among the major cowpea producing countries in Africa. Cowpea is well suited to diverse environments and fit in various cropping systems owing to their wide adaptability, low input requirements, fast growth, nitrogen fixing and weed smothering ability. The majority of cowpea growers are women who grow the crop primarily for household food, but also for sale-an increasing phenomenon in recent years. The typical woman cowpea grower has a small plot, 0.625 to 2.5 acres often intercropped with other cereals such as sorghum, millet and maize. The purpose of this training of trainers’ module is to familiarize master trainers on the cowpea technologies, innovations and management practices (TIMPs) and empower them with knowledge and skills to train farmers’ trainers.Item Exploring Inclusiveness of Vulnerable and Marginalized People in the Cassava Value Chain in the Lake Region, Kenya(Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 2023) Omondi, S.W.; Tana, P.; Lutomia, C.; Makini, F.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization ; Seed Systems GroupVulnerable and marginalised groups (VMGs) who comprise widows, orphans, people living with disability and HIV, have not been given sufficient attention in agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by policy makers, development partners, research, and extension, yet they comprise nearly one-quarter of all smallholder farmers. This study explored inclusion of VMGs in cassava value chain in the Lake Region of Kenya. Formal survey, focus group discussions (FGD), and key informant interviews (KIIs) were used to collect data from VMGs, common interest groups (CIGs) and stakeholders in the cassava value chain. The results showed that the majority of VMG farmers were women, mainly widows, orphans, people living with HIV, and difficulty in mobility. Compared to CIGs, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in access to value chain support services. Key barriers reinforcing marginalization were policy, socio economic and technological in nature. It is argued that affirmative action that aims to reach the marginalised farmers and actors in cassava value chain should entail national and institutional policy frameworks to enhance visibil-ity and involvement of VMGs in technology development and innovation as well as in the design and implementation of projects geared towards improving livelihoods of smallholder farmers. The findings of this study suggest the need for mapping and assessing VMGs for targeted value chain institutional support to access inputs, training, financing and market linkages in order to close gaps in cassava production and marketing. It is concluded that the cassava value chain in the Lake Region is less inclusive for VMGs. Thus, the study recommends affirmative action and establishment of a platform for VMG farmers to increase their voice in decision making.Item Farm-Level Agricultural Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change Extension Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2019-12) Okoti, M.; Esilaba, A.O.; Ketiem, P.; Mangale, N.; Muli, B.M.; Nyongesa, D.; Otipa, M.; Mutisya, D.; Too, A.; Njiru, E.; Muthiani, E.; Finyange, P.; Ndanu, A.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationClimate change and variability is acknowledged as a global phenomenon with potentially far-reaching implications to many economic sectors. It is characterized by increased recurrence of droughts, floods, rainfall variability (pattern, timing and intensity), increased mean surface temperature and famine that threaten millions of people, crops and livestock systems. The developing countries and the poor in society are highly vulnerable to impacts of climate change despite the minimal contribution (less than 10%) to the annual global carbon dioxide emissions. The increasingly observed weather risks threaten the agricultural production systems and food security conditions for majority of population in Kenya. Farmers who largely practice subsistence farming for livelihoods are characterized by degraded soils, small farm sizes, and low crop yields. Therefore, sustaining farmers’ agricultural growth and minimizing climate related shocks is crucial in building farmers and food production system resilience. Agricultural adaptations to climate change need to be resilient to deal with stresses and disturbances. These adaptations can either be technological, institutional or policy interventions to help farmers build resilience to current and future climate related shocks as well as mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.Item Farming as a Business Trainer of Trainers Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), 2019-04) Nyongesa, D.; Esilaba, A.O.; Rono, B.; Kavoi, J.; Mwenda, M.; Okoti, M; Kathuku-Gitonga, A.N.; Mutuma, E.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)This training manual focuses on building trainees’ capacity in entrepreneurial and management skills through a "learning by doing" approach, eventually leading to, and aiming at developing farmer’s skills and competencies in business while improving their knowledge, changing their attitudes towards farming as a business (FAB) and producing for the market. This will be done through a season-long programme that has been designed to be demand responsive, flexible and practical. It is, however, important to note that farmers learn in small groups, in their own farming environment and at their own pace. The training module intends to master for Training of Trainers (ToTs) constituting government extension personnel and service providers. They will in turn enhance capacity of the farmers under the KCEP-CRAL Programme. The module covers the following broad topics: Farming enterprises; Markets and marketing; Keeping farm records and accounts; Business planning and business plan; Group dynamics; and Gender mainstreaming and communication.Item Foliar Diseases and the Associated Fungi in Rice Cultivated in Kenya(MDPI, 2022-05-07) Nganga, E.M.; Kyallo, M.; Orwa, P.; Rotich, F.; Gichuhi, E.; Kimani, J.M.; Mwongera, D.; Waweru, B.; Sikuku, P.; Musyimi, D.M.; Mutiga, S.K.; Ziyomo, C.; Murori, R.; Wasilwa, L.; Correll, J.C.; Talbot, N.J.; Maseno University ; -International Livestock Research Institute ; University of Embu ; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization ; International Rice Research Institute ; The University of Arkansas System ; University of East AngliaWe conducted a survey to assess the occurrence and severity of rice blast and brown spot diseases on popular cultivars grown in the Busia, Kirinyaga, and Kisumu counties of Kenya in 2019. Working with agricultural extension workers within rice production areas, we interviewed farmers (n = 89) regarding their preferred cultivars and their awareness of blast disease, as this was the major focus of our research. We scored the symptoms of blast and brown spot and assessed the lodging, plant height, and maturity of the crops (days after planting). Furthermore, we collected leaf and neck tissues for the assessment of the prevailing fungal populations. We used specific DNA primers to screen for the prevalence of the causal pathogens of blast, Magnaporthe oryzae, and brown spot, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, on asymptomatic and symptomatic leaf samples. We also conducted fungal isolations and PCR-sequencing to identify the fungal species in these tissues. Busia and Kisumu had a higher diversity of cultivars compared to Kirinyaga. The aromatic Pishori (NIBAM 11) was preferred and widely grown for commercial purposes in Kirinyaga, where 86% of Kenyan rice is produced. NIBAM108 (IR2793-80-1) and BW196 (NIBAM 109) were moderately resistant to blast, while NIBAM110 (ITA310) and Vietnam were susceptible. All the cultivars were susceptible to brown spot except for KEH10005 (Arize Tej Gold), a commercial hybrid cultivar. We also identified diverse pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, with a high incidence of Nigrospora oryzae, in the rice fields of Kirinyaga. There was a marginal correlation between disease severity/incidence and the occurrence of causal pathogens. This study provides evidence of the need to strengthen pathogen surveillance through retraining agricultural extension agents and to breed for blast and brown spot resistance in popular rice cultivars in Kenya.Item Green Grams Production Training and Extension Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2016-08) Too, A.; Esilaba, A.; Rono, B.; Bett, B.; Gathambiri, C.; Githunguri, C.; Nyongesa, D.; Macharia, D.; Nassiuma, E.; Odoyo, E.; Wayua, F.; Kamau, G.; Mwathi, J.M.; Miriti, J.; Wasilwa, L.; Wanyama, M.; Waithaka, M.; Otipa, M.; Likhayo, P.; Amata, R.; Ochieng, V.Green grams also known as mung bean, is an erect annual plant which grows to a height of 60-70 cm tall are the more commonly grown in Kenya as compared to black grams. They are common in central and south Nyanza areas, in Machakos and Kitui Counties and at the coast. The two main varieties for the Kenyan market are N26 and KS20 and are differentiated by the colour of seeds. Yellow green grams have bright green seeds while the local green gram seed is small and ripens unevenly. An improved variety (K26) has larger seeds and tends to ripen uniformly, see Table 1. The common names used to refer to green grams are Ndengu or Pojo Ngina. Green grams produces pale yellow flowers borne in clusters of 12–15 near the top of the plant. The flowers develop into cylindrical pods with cylindrical seeds. Pods measure 7.5 cm to 10 cm long and contain 10 to 15 seeds each. Each plant typically produces 30 to 40 pods which turn darker in colour as they mature. The seed colour is in varying shades of yellow to green and black with green and yellow grams being the more common ones in Kenya. The crop is mainly produced by smallholder farmers. However, pests and diseases are major constraints in green grams production in Kenya. Accuracy in pest identification and disease diagnostics are important for proper management of these challenges. It is therefore necessary to build the capacity of extension officers and growers in pest and disease management in order to minimize losses.Item Growing Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata) Under Low Cover Agronets Prevents Pest Infestation and Increases Yields in Kenya(African Phytosanitary Journal, 2023-07-30) Kasina, M.; Guantai, G.; Mbugi, J.; Mwaniki, S.; Wasilwa, L.; Kipyab, P.; Ngouajio, M.; Kenyatta University ; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization ; Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service Headquarters ; Michigan State University ; Cirad UR HortsysCabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is an important vegetable crop in Kenya both in production and income provision to smallholder farmers. Pests are serious hindrance to its production and most farmers rely on synthetic insecticides. Such reliance has negative effects on non-target organisms, environment, animal and human health. This study was carried out from May to October 2011 to determine impact of low cover nets of different mesh size and cover duration on reducing cabbage pest infestation and yields. The study was conducted at Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Kabete and Practical Training Centre Thika based on a randomized complete block design with five replicates. Treatments included Agronets of fine (0.4mm) and large (0.9mm) mesh covered over the crop permanently (season-long) or temporarily (opened three times a week from 9am to 3pm) and control where no Agronet was used. The results show that the number and damage by diamondback moth (DBM) was significantly lower on cabbages grown under the Agronets compared with control. Infestation by thrips was lower on cabbages grown under permanent cover compared with those under temporal cover and without cover. However, there was no significant difference of aphids infestation. The marketable yield was significantly higher on cabbages grown under the Agronets, recording about 17% yield loss compared with control that recorded about 90% yield loss. The study concludes that Agronets provide an important component of integrated pest management strategy for cabbage production in Kenya with high crop yields benefit and highly recommended for application by growers.Item Integrated Strategies for Durable Rice Blast Resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa(APS Publications, 2021-11-23) Mutiga, S.K.; Rotich, F.; Were, V.M.; Kimani, J.K.; Mwongera, D.T.; Mgonja, E.; Onaga, G.; Konat, K.; Razanaboahirana, C.; Bigirimana, J.; Ndayiragije, A.; Gichuhi, E.; Yanoria,M.J.; Otipa, M.; Wasilwa, L.; Ouedraogo, I.; Mitchell, T.; Guo-Liang, W.; Correll, J.C.; Talbot, N.J.; International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) ; University of Arkansas ; University of Embu ; University of East Anglia ; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) ; Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute ; National Agricultural Research Organization ; Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research ; Institute Polytechnique Unilasalle ; International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) ; The Ohio State UniversityRice is a key food security crop in Africa. The importance of rice has led to increasing country-specific, regional, and multinational efforts to develop germplasm and policy initiatives to boost production for a more food-secure continent. Currently, this critically important cereal crop is predominantly cultivated by small-scale farmers under suboptimal conditions in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Rice blast disease, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, represents one of the major biotic constraints to rice production under small-scale farming systems of Africa, and developing durable disease resistance is therefore of critical importance. In this review, we provide an overview of the major advances by a multinational collaborative research effort to enhance sustainable rice production across SSA and how it is affected by advances in regional policy. As part of the multinational effort, we highlight the importance of joint international partnerships in tackling multiple crop production constraints through integrated research and outreach programs. More specifically, we highlight recent progress in establishing international networks for rice blast disease surveillance, farmer engagement, monitoring pathogen virulence spectra, and the establishment of regionally based blast resistance breeding programs. To develop blast-resistant, high yielding rice varieties for Africa, we have established a breeding pipeline that utilizes real-time data of pathogen diversity and virulence spectra, to identify major and minor blast resistance genes for introgression into locally adapted rice cultivars. In addition, the project has developed a package to support sustainable rice production through regular stakeholder engagement, training of agricultural extension officers, and establishment of plant clinics.Item Kalro-Kcep - CRAL Climate Smart Agriculture Extension Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization., 2019-04) Kisilu, R.; Karanja, J.K.; Mwathi, J.W.; Ooro, P.A.; Esilaba, A.O.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Githunguri, C.; Miriti, J.; Otipa, M.; Nassiuma, E.; Too, A.; Kamidi, M.; Wanjekeche, E.; Odoyo, E.; Wayua, F.; Likhayo, P.; Kamau, G.M.; Ochieng, V.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationClimate change is real and has become an obstacle to sustainable development all over the world. Climate change has positive and negative effects in agriculture depending on the regions of the world. The negative impacts are expected to be more serious in developing countries, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa such as Kenya. For instance, Kenya has experienced increasing temperatures from 1960’s, together with higher frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as El Niño and La Niña. Effects of the negative impacts include declining agricultural productivity and loss of crops, livestock, fish and investments in agriculture due to changing temperatures and rainfall and many extreme weather events.Item KALRO-KCEP - CRAL Common Dry Beans Extension Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization., 2016-04) Macharia, D.; Waithaka, M.; Esilaba, A.O.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Githunguri, C.; Miriti, J.; Otipa, M.; Too, A.; Bett, B.; Gathambiri, C.; Amata, R.; Nassiuma, E.; Odoyo, E.; Wayua, F.; Karanja, J.K.; Mwathi, J.W.; Likhayo, P.; Ooro, P.A.; Ochieng, V.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationPulses, or grain legumes in general, are an essential source of supplementary protein to daily diets based on cereals and starchy for a predominantly vegetarian population and those who cannot afford expensive animal protein. Pulses are therefore often regarded as poor man’s meat”. They also provide energy, protein, essential minerals, vitamins and several compounds considered beneficial for good health. Their cultivation enriches soil by adding nitrogen, and improves the physical, chemical and biological soil properties. They are also well suited to diverse environments and fit in various cropping systems owing to their wide adaptability, low input requirements, fast growth, nitrogen fixing and weed smothering ability. Their short growing period and photoperiod sensitivity make them suitable for crop intensification and diversification. Notwithstanding their high production potential, their productivity is generally low as these are cultivated on poor lands, with no or little inputs, and are susceptible to several abiotic and biotic stresses.Item KALRO-KCEP - CRAL Green Grams Trainer of Trainers’ Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2019-04) Macharia, D.; Waithaka, M.; Otipa, M.; Too, A.; Esilaba, A.O.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Mutuma, E.; Kathuku-Gitonga, A.N.; Mutisya, D.; Njunie, M.; Muli, B.; Karanja, J.K.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationGreen gram (Vigna radiata L.) also known as Mung bean and in Kiswahili Ndengu is one of the potential food and cash crop pulses that have been observed to perform well in the arid regions of Kenya. The crop is commonly grown in central, south Nyanza, eastern and coastal regions. Green gram is well suited to diverse environments and fit in various cropping systems owing to their wide adaptability, low input requirements, fast growth, nitrogen fixing and weed smothering ability. Sole crop, cereal-bean and root or tuber crop-green gram intercrops are important among the many green gram cropping systems in Kenya and for which the crop‘s rapid maturity and shade tolerance make it particularly suitable.Item KCEP - CRAL Green Grams Extension Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2019-04) Macharia, D.; Waithaka, M.; Otipa, M.; Nassiuma, E.; Esilaba, A.O.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Githunguri, C.; Miriti, J.; Too, A.; Bett, B.; Gathambiri, C.; Amata, R.; Odoyo, E.; Wayua, F.; Karanja, J.K.; Mwathi, J.W.; Likhayo, P.; Ooro, P.A.; Kamau, G.M.; Ochieng, V.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationPulses, or grain legumes in general, are an essential source of supplementary protein. They also provide energy, protein, essential minerals, vitamins and several compounds considered beneficial for good health. Their cultivation enriches soil by adding nitrogen, and improves the physical, chemical and biological soil properties. They are also well suited to diverse environments and fit in various cropping systems owing to their wide adaptability, low input requirements, fast growth, nitrogen fixing and weed smothering ability. Their short growing period and photoperiod sensitivity make them suitable for crop intensification and diversification. Not withstanding their high production potential, their productivity is generally low as these are cultivated on poor lands, with no or little inputs, and are susceptible to several abiotic and biotic stresses.Green gram (Vigna radiata L.) also known as Mung bean and in Kiswahili Ndengu is one of the potential food and cash crop pulses that have been observed to perform well in the arid regions of Kenya. The crop is commonly grown in central, south Nyanza, eastern and coastal regions. Its edible grain is characterized by good digestibility, flavor, high and easily digestible protein content and absence of any flatulence effects (Ahmed et al., 2001). Its seed contains contain approximately 374Kcal, 23.9% protein, 1.2% fat, 16.3% dietary fiber, 4.5-5.5% ash, 63% carbohydrates on dry weight basis. It’s also a crucial source of vitamins A and B complex and generous amounts of micro-nutrients such as iron and zinc which are deficient in diets among the poor, particularly pregnant women and children in Africa (Swaminathan et. al., 2012).Item KCEP-CRAL Millet Training of Trainers’ Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization., 2019-04) Kisilu, R.; Muli, B.; Karanja, J.K.; Otipa, M.; Esilaba, A.O.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Mutuma, E.; Kathuku-Gitonga, A.N.; Too, A.; Mutisya, D.; Njunie, M.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationThe purpose of this training of trainer’s module is to familiarize extension officers, lead farmers and service providers on the millet production practices and empower them knowledge and skills to train farmers’ trainers.. This will enable them to impart knowledge on good agricultural millet production practices to farmers through farmer trainings.Millets are a group of grasses mainly found in the arid and semiarid regions. They produce small seeded grains and are often cultivated as cereals. They include Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Finger millet (Eleusine coracana), Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) and Foxtail millet (Setaria italica). The popularity of millet fell for some years due to introduction of maize, wheat and rice, but the current unpredictable rainfall patterns accompanied by frequent maize crop failures have led to renewed interest in the production of indigenous, drought tolerant crops. Popularity of millets is once again on the rise with millers demand being far above the deliveries. Land under millets production in Kenya was 111,271 ha in 2011 with a production of 73,396 tons.Item Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Annual Report 2002(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 2002) Kenya Agricultural Research Institute; Wangai, A.; Esilaba, A.; Nyongesa, D.; Miano, D.; Wasilwa, L.; Mwariri, M.; Kamoni, P.; Rege, R.; Ngatiri, V.; Ayemba, J.; Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteKARl continued to initiate activities that would actualise its 10-year strategy as envisaged in 2000. Key among these activities was the development of the 5-year Medium Term Plan III Guly 2003/4 to June 2007/8). This plan was set in the context of the Government's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper for 2001-2004 and the Kenya Rural development Strategy 2002-2017. Several other events were held in the year, notably the inauguration of the Agricultural Research Week in collaboration with the Kenyan research fraternity and stakeholders in the agricultural industry. Through the research week KARI was availed an opportunity to invite interested parties to exhibit their agricultural technologies and products. The week was organized alongside the 8th KARI Biennial Scientific Conference under the theme Demanddriven agricultural research for sustainable natural resource base, food security and incomesItem Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Annual Report 2004(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute , 2004) Kenya Agricultural Research Institute ; Wangai, A.; Lukuyu, B.; Nyongesa, D.; Wasilwa, L.; Mwariri, M.; Rege, R.; Kimani, S.; Thuku, K.; Ayemba, J.; Ogutu, S.; Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteKARI activities for the year 2004 continued as guided by its 5-year Medium Term Plan III. The activities came at a time when the government launched the 10-year Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) as well as the 1st phase of the Kenya Agricultural Productivity Project (KAPP). It is expected that this will synergy the Government's Economic Recovery Strategy for Employment and Wealth Creation which has identified agriculture as the main productive sector and given it top priority.Item Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Annual Report 2005(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 2005) Kenya Agricultural Research Institute ; Wangai, A.; Kimani, S.; Nyongesa, D.; Lukuyu, B.; Wasilwa, L.; Mwariri, M.; Rege, R.; Mukundi, K. T.; Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteThe year 2005 marked the second successful year in which KARl main programmes ran under the Kenya Agricultural Productivity Project (KAPP) supported by the Kenya Government and the World Bank. However, we also continued carrying out other small projects supported by small grants scheme from various donors and developmental partners. During this period, KARI implemented over 600 research projects in diverse programmes and realized many achievements. Some of the projects implemented resulted into technological products which were packaged as technologies for release to the wider farming community.Item Maize Trainer of Trainers’ Manual(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), 2019-04) Karanja, J.K.; Otipa, M.; Esilaba, A.O.; Nyongesa, D.; Okoti, M.; Mutuma, E.; Kathuku-Gitonga, A.N.; Too, A.; Mutisya, D.; Njunie, M.; Muli, B.; Wasilwa, L.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)The purpose of this training of trainer’s module is to familiarize extension officers, lead farmers and service providers on the maize production manual content and empower them with the capacity and training methods. This will enable them to impart knowledge on good agricultural production practices of maize farming through farmer trainings. Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple food in Kenya. It can be used as food, feed for animals and as a source of industrial raw material. It contributes to about 65% of daily per capita cereal consumption. Maize accounts for more than 20% of the total agricultural production and 25% of agricultural employment in the country. Maize is an important source of carbohydrate, protein, iron, vitamin B, and minerals. Its products include baked, roasted and boiled fresh maize on the cob, porridge, pastes, beer, starch, oil and livestock feed from by-products of fresh and dry maize grain.Item Make Quality Gooseberry Fruit Jam(Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, 2017) Masinde, A.A.; Kwambai, T.K.; Wambani, H.N.; Wasilwa, L.; Minai, J.M.; Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationCape gooseberry is an excellent source of vitamins A, B, and C, as well as thiamine and niacin. Compared to other fruits, it is very high in protein and phosphorus, but low in calcium. It can be eaten fresh or dried, but can also be added to salads and incorporated into pies, pudding, High in pectin therefore ideal for making jams. Four different lines have been evaluated and are available at KALRO - Kitale, Kenya.
