Tea
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Item Tea Cultivation in the Southern Highlands of Tanganyika(1935) Davies, R. M.Item Tea Manuring(1938) Eden, T.; The Tea Research Institute of CeylonOne of the first matters to which I turned my attention ten years ago was the compilation of a recipe book of manures, to include every formula I could lay my hands on. In the near future, I should be called on to advise on manuring and to work out a scheme for experimentation, and I was seeking a datum line from which to work. I soon found that there appeared to be few, if any. guiding principles, on the quantitative side, that welded together into an intelligent whole the immense variety of prescriptions in vogue. It would hardly be an exaggeration to say that any combination of amounts from 10 to 40 lb. per acre for all the three standard nutrients. if picked at random out of a hat, would have been found to correspond closely to examples in actual use.Item The Length of the Pruning Cycle(1938) Tubbs, F.R.The length of existing pruning cycles has been in the past roughly adjusted to give the best yield under a given set of conditions. The focusing of attention upon quality rather than yield in the last few years has resulted in more thought being given to the advantages or disadvantages of a longer cycle. Suffice it to say here that both laboratory experiments and estate experience has shown conclusively that better teas are made as the age of the tea from pruning increases, while the improvement continues, at this elevation, even during the fourth year from pruning. Thus the change is a progressive one and is not sudden or irregular. Now it has been found that similar progressive changes occur in the bush and in the character of the crop and it is for that reason that I have chosen to describe them to-day.Item Some Lessons from a Tour of the Tea Districts of India(1941) Thomas, A. S.Item Magnesium deficiency in East African Tea(1959) Schoenmackers, J.; Chenery, E. M.The symptoms of magnesium deficiency symptoms are described. It is believed that this is the first record for tea grown in AfricaItem Tea Gardens or Tall Forests?(1959) Pereira, H.C.; East African Agriculture and Forestry Research Organization, Kikuya Kenya. Tea Research Institute of East Africa, Kericho KenyaItem Root Systems of Forest Trees. Shade Trees and Tea Bushes(1962) Kerfoot, O.The difficulties involved in excavating the root systems of perennial woody plants are responsible for the comparative scarcity of published data in this field of ecology. Previous work in the tropics has been devoted mainly to grass and forage crops, or concentrated in the semi-arid zones. High altitude rain forest has hardly been investigated, and objective information on tea root systems is almost completely lacking; only at Tocklai in Assam and Mlanje in Nyasaland has there been detailed study.Item The Development of Sambret Tea Estate(1962) Holmes, W. A.; Grumbley, L. A. S.The lease conditions involved a guarantee to the Kenya Government of compliance with a stringent timetable of clearing and planting.Item The Effect of Fertilizers, Sulphur and Mulch On East African Tea Soils(1962) Smith, A. N.(I) Data are presented for pH reactions on water and calcium chloride extracts which show that sulphate of ammonia has reduced the pH of the soil to a depth of at least 12 in. (2) Sulphur has reduced the pH to a depth of at least 4 in. (3) Mulch has increased the pH on one experiment to a depth of 24 in., but has had no effect on the pH of the soil on the other experiment. (4) Methods of halting this increase in acidity resulting from the use of sulphate of ammonia are discussed.Item The Effect of Fertilizers, Sulphur and Mulch on East African Tea Soils I-The Effect on the Ph Reaction of the Soil(1962) Smith, A. N.Data are presented for pH reactions on water and calcium chloride extracts which show that sulphate of ammonia has reduced the pH of the soil to a depth of at least 12 in Sulphur has reduced the pH to a depth of at least 4 in Mulch has increased the pH on one experiment to a depth of 24 in., but has had no effect on the pH of the soil on the other experiment methods of halting this increase in acidity resulting from the use of sulphate of ammonia are discussed.Item Effects of Shade and Shelter on the Microclimate of Tea(1967) Ripley, E.A.; E.A.A.F.R.O, Kikuyu, KenyaAn experiment to separate the effects of shade and shelter has been established at the Tea Research Institute of East Africa, Kericho. To supplement the basic measurements of yield, the microc1imates created by the fine treatments, open, shelter, natural shade and artificial shade with and without shelter, have been measured using the Munitalp Mobile Meteorological Laboratory. Observations of air temperature, dew-point, wind speeds and radiation were made. Shelter belts reduced the wind speed and increased the diurnal range of temperature. The predominant effect of shade was to reduce the radiation at the tea canopy level but reductions in the diurnal range of temperature also occurred together with a slight rise in humidity and a slight reduction in wind speed. Reductions in transpiration are almost entirely due to the reductions in radiation.Item A Study of the water use of tea in East Africa using a Hydraulic Lysimeter(1970) Dagg, M.; Physics and Chemistry Division, East African Agricultural and Forestry Research OrganizationA hydraulic lysimeter, 10 × 10 × 6 ft. deep (3.05 × 3.05 × 1.83 m), has been used to measure the monthly evapotranspiration over a period of 35 months from eight tea bushes planted to be uniform with an extensive area of tea at the Tea Research Institute of East Africa, Kenya. Tests on the performance of this inexpensive lysimeter showed it to be operating satisfactorily and capable of producing valid evapotranspiration data over periods of a few days. The tea was never under serious moisture stress and advection effects were likely to be minimal, with the fetch of the prevailing wind being over 30 km of evergreen moist forest. Monthly evapotranspiration rates (Et.) from the young tea crop varied from 40 to 115 mm per month, but were satisfactorily predicted (r = 0.85), both in wet and dry months, by the relation:....Item Cylindrocarpon Root-Rot of Tea in Kenya(1972) Kari, T. M.; Ondieki, J. J.A root-rot disease of tea, caused by the fungus Cylindrocarpon destruclans (Zinss) Scholten, is reported in Kenya for the first time. The disease was found attacking tea plants which, it is thought, are growing under unfavorable soil conditions such as high pH. The fungus readily attacks plants whose roots have been injured.Item Effect of Different Mulches on Soil Fertility and Nutrient Uptake by Tea in Kenya(1978) Othieno, C.O.; Tea Research Institute of East AfricaThe effect of different types of mulches on soil fertility and nutrient uptake by tea plants Camellia sinensis , was investigated in two field experiments in Kenya. The grass mulches of Eragrostis curvula, Napier and Guatemala maintained or increased levels of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. However, these mulches had different effect on the uptake of these nutrients. Where-as all the grass mulches increased the uptake of N and P, only the Napier grass significantly increased the uptake of K but in both experiments E. curvlila mulch had a depressing effect on the uptake of K. The increased uptake of nutrients, particularly N and P, was attributed to the addition of these elements in the soil by the mulches, prevention of their losses by erosion and profuse feeder root growth observed near the surface which was induced by the mulches.Item EDDY CORRELATION MEASUREMENTS OF CONVECTIVEHEAT FLUX AND ESTI:MATION OF EVAPORATIVE HEAT FLUX OVER GROWING TEA(1979) Woodhead, T.; Callaunder, B. A.The EAAFRO catchment experiments (Pereira et al., 1962) were designed and executed to investigate the water use of different Vegetative covers, including tea estates, over periods of the order of a year. The eddy correlation experiment reported here, by providing Estimates of daily evaporation over several days, offers an independent check on the catchment results; another method of water use estimation, through a monitoring of soil moisture changes, is described in Section 2.2.3. Much valuable information would be available if the changes of water use from day to day and within a day could be measured and understood. This eddy correlation experiment was therefore designed to yield additional data on the pattern of evapo transpiration from tea within a day.Item Clonal Differences in Dry Matter Production And Partitioning In Young Tea (Camellia 51 Nen515 L.) Plants(1983) Mugambo, M. J. S.; Kimani-WaithakaItem The Effect of Plucking on Dry Matter Production and Partitioning in Young Clonal Tea Plants Camellia Sinensis L.).(1988) Magambo, M.J.S.; Kimani-Waithaka.; Department of Crop Science, University of NairobiA commercial tea plant is pruned frequently and plucked regularly. Hand plucking in Kenya involves the removal of a shoot containing the terminal bud with the next two young leaves. This operation is done after every 7-14 days depending on the environmental conditions such as temperature and moisture supply. Magambo and Waithaka (1985) reported that clonal differences in dry matter (DM) production were partly due to the way it was partitioned to various tea plant parts. The increase in DM production in different plant parts follow allometrric lines (Brouwer, 1962; Ledig, 1969 and Vissdr, 1969); that is, under any given set of environmental conditions there is a characteristic partitioning of assimilates between plant parts (Ledig and Perry, 1965; Ledig, 1969; Visser, 1969 and Promnitiz, 1975. When such partitioning of assimilates is disturbed, for instance by branch pruning or shoot plucking, the plant tries to restore the required proportions of the disturbed parts. Hence, the tea plant is theoretically in constant adjustment after plucking in an attempt to restore the removed parts to the required proportions. It is probable that differences in yield among tea clones might be due to how these clones respond to such physical manipulations.Item Nitrate Reductase Activity as a Selection Criterion On Tea(1989) Owuor, P.O.; Njuguna, C.K.; Othieno, C.O.Different tea clones exhibited significant variations in their yields and nitrate reductase activities(NRA), with younger leaves having higher NRA than the older mature ones. A stronger correlation existed between yield and NRA irrespective of the age as long as the leaves of the same age exist were used consistently. Nitrate reductase activity varied with age after planting and time of day. Thus to be used as a clonal selection criterion, plants must be of the same age, from one field and sampling must be done at the same time.Item Women, Conservation and Agriculture. A manual for Trainers(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 1993) Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteAs a group, rural women are at particular risk from the effects of deteriorating environmental conditions. Their livelihoods and responsibilities make them more dependent than men on the local natural resources. The constraints and pressures which they face leave them more vulnerable to lack of water, declining crop yields etc. Yet they are still neglected by many outsiders, including government development planners, who tend to regard rural women as an irrelevant group. As an integral part of both the problems and the challenges of environmental degradation, women must be treated as a central group, not left out of the action.Item Review of Kenyan Agricultural Research Vol. 26 Tea and Beverage Crops(Owuor, P.O, 1997) Owuor, P.OThese reviews have been produced as part of the Kenya Agricultural Research Database Project which was funded by the Netherlands government over the years 1992 to 1996. The project aimed to document all research related to agriculture in Kenya undertaken since the end of the last century, especially those items that had not been published. The computerized database now contains around 40,000 records, most of which contain abstracts or summaries, full bibliographic details, and information about where the documents can be found. We are conscious however, that many items have not yet been included, especially the earlier material and many consultancy reports produced by foreign and international donor, development, and research organisations. Specialists who read the reviews may be aware of important topics which have been omitted by the reviewer. If this is the case, we would ask that both the reviewer and KARl's Library and Information Services be informed so that the topic can be included in future revisions. Constant up-date will be required as new research information becomes available with the National Agricultural Research System in Kenya.
