Socio-Economics
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Item Gender and Agroforestry Development In Migori District(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 0000) Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteGender means a culture or sub-culture attaches to socially and culturally defined roles between females and males. These may differ from society to society and they are dynamic. Women's tasks are derived from their role as wives mothers, breadwinners, daughters, girls, members of a community, etc. While those of men are derived from their role as husband, father, beadwinner, head of household, son, boy, etc. The content of such tasks is dependent on a large number of factors e.g. age, type of household, culture, religion, socio-economic position of the household, etc.Item Agricultural Statistics in Kenya(1935/1936) Liversage, V.Modern developments in the design of tabulating machines have greatly enlarged the scope of the statistical work which can be carried out with a reasonable expenditure of labour and time, and have brought within the bounds of possibility a degree of analysis which was previously out of the question.Item Individual native smallholdings(1937) Rounce, N.V; Department of Agriculture TanganyikaBefore embarking on a subject the scope of which is very wide but whose development is still in the very early stages, it should be pointed out that this article is the result of trials made and of arguments and considerations regarding it which have arisen departmentally. It is quite possible that some points which have been stressed may in time prove of less importance than others not even mentioned. The situation admits of much more study, but what follows, it is hoped, will indicate that enough light has already been thrown on the subject to allow of an advance towards the local goal.Item The interrelation of railways and agriculture In East Africa(1937) Robins R.E,; Tanganyika RailwayA modern writer on the economics of transport has said: "The object of transport is to increase wealth and welfare.This it secures in many direct and indirect ways, of which the chief is that of moving goods and services from points where, being in comparatively little demand, they have low value, to other points where. through being in greater demand, they acquire higher value; it being the test of good management to absorb as little as possible of the increased wealth in the process of achieving it. Thus transport promotes that specialization of function upon which material civilization depends, by making possible an interchange of the products of diverse activities, each separately carried on in the place and circumstances most advantageous to it.Item The Production of Native Beer in Uganda(1938) Masefield, G.B.; Department of Agriculture, Uganda Protectorate.The production of beer plays such a part in the economy of native agriculture in Uganda that no apology is for bringing into the light a subject about which little or no published information appears to exist. In some parts of Uganda, as will be shown below, the acreage under the beer crop actually exceeds that under any other single crop.Item A kitchen for plantation labour(1939) Hollyer, R.; Foster. G. RThe following specification for an estate kitchen is reproduced with the permission of the Government of Tanganyika Territory, which printed the original for issue to employers of large labour forces. The kitchen displayed is one built by Mr. G. R. Foster, Agricultural Assistant, and Mr. R. Hollyer, of the Tanganyika Prisons Department, at the Kingolwira Prison Training Camp. It is noteworthy that released prisoners trained in brick-burning, building and so on at the Kingolwira Camp readily find employment.Item Profits from a Farm in Kenya(1939) Todd, C. T.; Timau, Kenya ColonyMost of the land at the higher altitudes in Kenya (7,000 to 9,500 fee, where there is an adequate water supply, a good average rainfall (from 28 in. a year well distributed), sufficient timber for farm buildings, fencing and firewood, and good soil, is suitable for small farms, where the practice of mixed farming, with dairying as the principal object, could be undertaken . Under a closer settlement scheme, the acreage of farms would be between 300 and 600, the size being dependent on the type of land available and the financial position and experience in farming of the applicant.Item Some production-cost figures for Native crops in the Eastern Province of Tanganyika Territory(1939) Fuggles-Couchman, N. R.Figures of man-days required to grow and harvest four crops have been collected from timing acres. These show that grain crops and cotton require from 10 to 14 man-days to prepare an acre and to plant the crop. Satisfactory profits can be shown from all crops, with the possible exception of roundnuts, which in the experilr.ent were planted on somewhat unsuita ble soil.Item Trout in Kenya Colony Part 11-The Rainbow Trout(1940) Hugh C.It is believed that the first importation of rainbow ova was made from South Africa by the late Commander Barry in 1910. The offspring from these were placed in the Amboni and the Nairobi Rivers. The main importation of ova took place in 1919 and 1921, and as a result rainbow trout were spread all over the Colony. Since then many other importations have been made, the last being in 1924. There is now a total of 1,666 miles of water containing rainbow trout in the Colony.Item Muck and Magic(1941) Sir AlbertThese animadversions are prompted partly by a booklet! that we have received for review, and partly by an article by Sir Albert Howard that appeared in The Countryman and was reprinted in the East African Standard of 11thOctober, 1940, together with a review, by Major E. S. Grogan, of a book entitled An Agricultural Testament. also by Sir Albert HowardItem Methods of planting wattle(1941) Wimbush, S.H.The Forest Department of Kenya sows treated seed directly in the land to be planted. Some farmers, however, transplant natural seedlings taken from under or near an existing plantation.Item FOREWORD(1941) Amani, R. E.Some readers must I have been surprised by the absence in recent numbers of direct reference to agricultural war policy or war work. Several factors have contributed to this effect. A potent one is that the relatively long(quarterly) intervals at which the Journal appears make it unsuitable as a vehicle for declarations of, or guides to, policy that it is desirable to "put across" speedily. A contribution on the possibilities of bacon export. for example, became obsolete before it could be printed. Another factor is that although work on problems of war supplies is proceeding in a number of most interesting directions it has not as a rule reached the stage of being ripe for publication, even if that were, from the censor’s point of view, entirely unobjectionableItem Mixed or Multiple Cropping In Native Agricultural Practice(1941) Robertson, J.K.Some of the advantages of mixed or multiple cropping, as opposed to growing crops in pure culture, are enumerated. The practice is particularly suited to primitive agriculture, and although of limited value in modern mechanized farming, certain types of the system are still of importance. Perennial crops, which are not so dependent on mechanized farming, are suited to the system. Examples of mixed cropping found in East Africa are given.Item The Kikuyu Method of Burning Charcoal(1943) Elmer, L.A.; Department of Agriculture, KenyaThe usual method of packing is to fill a sack full up to the top so that the mouth cannot be sewn in the ordinary way. Bracken, wattle twigs and .leaves or other suitable green vegetation is laid over the charcoal and tucked down between the coal and the inside of the bag. Thin green wattle bark or other bark or fibre is then placed across to hold .the leafy packing in place. The sack of charcoal weighing about 70 lb. is now ready to be transported to market. Sales are usually effected by this "sackful". Transactions by weight are not considered as water or rain can upset the buyers' calculations.Item Small Scale Pottery Manufacture(1944) AmaniIn 1941 the shortage of containers in E. Africa stimulated the investigation of E. African pottery. The potters of the Amani area were women who practised their craft according to tribal custom. Their products were un glazed cooking pots. After some difficulty due to tribal customs several women were engaged to demonstrate their work. The method, building process by walking round a stationary form, was found unsuitable for large scale production and as the potters could easily adapt themselves to the production of new designs it was decided to train men to liase the potters wheel. As none of the Amani staff had any experience of pottery work and as no books on the subject were Available, we were fortunate in having an offer of help from Miss King of Kideleko School U.M.C.A. She in her spare time was able to teach two Mricans to make a simple shape (jam jar) on her own wheel. At the same time Canon Hellier U.M.C.A. kindly lent us his wheel to use and copy. After some 3 weeks training the Africans returned to Amani where they were allowed j;o practice for some months during which the output per man per day rose from some 3 to 50 pieces. This was later greatly increased. The writer.Item Population problems of Tanganyika Territory(1945) Gillman, C.In this article a set of East African problems will be discussed which are thought much more fundamental to the development of Tanganyika Territory than mere white settlement: problems of our native population, its present distribution, and its future better adjustment to the dictates of an environment that is, on the whole, difficult and in places almost grim. For do not let us forget that, as the great British geographer Sir Halford Mackinder told us forty years ago, "Man initiates but Nature in large measure controls".Item African Mixed Farming Economics As Applied To Bukura, Nyanza Province, Kenya(1946) Brandford E.LTo dispose of essential data as quickly as possible particulars relative to this article are tabulated: - Locality.-Bukura, North Kavirondo,Nyanza Province. Altitude.-4,850 ft. Climate.-Hot and humid, with high, drying winds in the dry season (December February). Two crops a year (March /April and August/September). Rain/all.'-66.3 inches (average of 22 years). Soil Types.-On the top lands the prevailing type is a shallow red top-soil, with little humus, overlaying ironstone (murrum) subsoil. It easily packs and, owing to the impervious subsoil, quickly dries out. The lower slopes of the ridge are deeper and richer in texture, varying from black forest to red loams.Item Siege Farming In Malta(1946) Swynnerton, R.J.M.; A.I.C.T.A.,Tanganyika TerritoryMalta and Gozo contain some 45,000 acres of arable land within the 114 square miles of their rocky islands, of which around 2,000 to 3,000 acres are under irrigation. While this area, obviously, cannot support the population of over a quarter of a million, it sustains the 13,000 peasant farmers who, along with their families, total some 70,000 people, keeping them fully fed. Ample supplies of fresh vegetables, potatoes, onions, and milk are sold to the civil and Service inhabitants of the towns, along with Mediterranean clover, vetches, and carobs to the urban goat keepers and carters for their horses. Despite these efforts, the bulk of Malta's food requirements must still be imported, including thousands of tons of feed and 2,000 tons of seed potatoes annually. The only significant agricultural exports during peacetime were 10,000 to 15,000 tons of potatoes to Britain and the Continent, 2,500 tons of onions, and 250 tons of cumin seed, with a total annual value of about £130,000 annually.Item Bukura Native Agricultural School, Nyanza Province, Kenya(1946) Bradford, E.L.Bukura Training Centre, originally a Seed Farm and Experimental Station, has passed through many vicissitudes, but its status has been primarily an African agricultural training center. Originally the training was for Native Agricultural, Instructors, farm headmen, etc., and the course extended over a period of four years but now that departmental staff replacements only are required the training has been extended to suitable candidates anxious to study agriculture in their own interests, to fit them for more skillful management of their own land in due course.Item The Uganda Society(1949) Pitman's, C. R. SThe Uganda Society was founded at Entebbe in 1923, and was originally called the Uganda Literary and Scientific Society. In the beginning it was almost entirely a lecture society but after five years' interest failed.
