Livestock
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Browsing Livestock by Subject "African buffaloes"
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Item Immunization of cattle using varying infective doses of Theileria parvalawrencei sporozoites derived from an African buffalo (Syncerus caffer and treatment with buparvaquone(1988) Leitch, B.L.; Mbogo, S.K.; Parasitology Division, Veterinary Research DepartmentA Theileria parva lawrencei isolate in the form of a sporozoite stabilate, derived by feeding clean Rhipicephalus appendiculatus nymphal ticks on an African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) captured in the Laikipia District, Kenya, was inoculated into groups of cattle at dilutions between 100 and 10-3. Groups of 3 cattle infected with 1 ml inocula at 100, 10-1 and 10-2 dilutions were treated with 2·5 mg/kg body weight of buparvaquone on day 0 and similar groups were left untreated to act as controls. An additional group, given 100 dilution of the stabilate, was treated with buparvaquone on day 8 post-inoculation. It was found that all control cattle inoculated with the stabilate at dilutions between 100 and 10-2 became infected, but only 2 out of 3 cattle developed patent infections at 10-3 dilution. All 3 control cattle receiving 100 dilution died of theileriosis, 2 at 10-1 and 10-2 dilutions, and 1 at 10-3 dilution died.Item Infection of African Buffalo and Cattle with Theileria Parva Lawrencei after Serial Passage in Cattle(1987) Grootenhuis, J. G.; Young, A.S.; Stagg, D.A.; Leitch, B.L.; Dolan, T.T.; Conrad, P.A.; Veterinary Research Laboratory, Kabete; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute; International Laboratory for Research on Animal DiseasesThe infectivity of a Theileria parva lawrencei stabilate, from a stock derived from an African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, was investigated. In the first experiment a buffalo and three cattle were inoculated with a stabilate from a stock passaged three times in cattle. All cattle developed fatal theilerial infections. Isolations from the buffalo by tick feeding and cell culture isolation showed that it was infected with T p lawrencei at the time of inoculation, but the second isolation made 19 days after inoculation behaved like T p parva in cattle, developing a high parasitosis, while the third isolation made three months later behaved like T p lawrencei with low parasitosis. It was concluded that two biological types of T parva could exist in a buffalo at one time, but it was not shown that the buffalo had become a carrier of T p lawrencei adapted to cattle. In the second experiment two buffaloes and three cattle were inoculated with T p lawrencei (Serengeti) stabilate which had been passaged six times through cattle and ticks. The two buffaloes had mild theilerial infections and developed serological titres in the indirect fluorescent antibody test, but the cattle had fatal infections. Tick and cell culture isolations of T parva were possible during the clinical reactions of the buffaloes, but no carrier state was demonstrated. Theileria-infected cell lines were established from the buffaloes and the cattle and were examined using monoclonal antibodies against T parva schizonts. The macroschizonts in the cell lines isolated from the buffaloes and cattle had different staining profiles with the monoclonals, indicating either antigenic change of the parasite after inoculation into the buffalo or the presence of different antigenic types in the stabilate.Item Pathogenicity for Cattle of Allerton-Type Herpesvirus Isolated from a Tanzanian Buffalo (Syncerus Caffer)(1972) Kalunda M.; Plowright W.Experimental infection with an Allerton-type herpesvirus of buffalo origin (BA) was studied in East African grade cattle inoculated by different routes. Intravenous inoculation of large doses caused skin lesions in only 4 of 10 cases. Epithelial necrosis and erosion were observed on the tongue and in the nares of animal’s inoculated intradermolingually and also by the intravenous route. There was no clinical or serological reaction following contact or intranasal exposure. The excretion of virus and the development of neutralizing antibody was investigated; more virus was detected in nasal than in oral swabs. The BA strain of Allerton virus was compared with two other African isolates by reciprocal neutralisation tests, using hyperimmune rabbit sera. No significant differences were demonstrable.
