Poultry and Non-ruminants

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Aspects of Evolution in the Parrot Genus Agapornis
(1948) Moreau, R.E.
Agapornis, an African genus of parrots allied to Loriculus of Asia, has usually been classified in nine species. Their geographical, altitudinal and ecological ranges are described and their temperature relations are worked out. There is a general agreement with Bergmann's rule. Only two of the Agapornids appear to be in any respect ecologically specialized: to A. swinderniana, the only one confined to tropical evergreen forest, the seeds of figs may be an essential food; and A. pullaria is more or less completely dependent on the nests of arboreal insects for nesting‐sites. The other seven Agapornids are birds of dry country with a wide range of food and are indiscriminate hole‐nesters. All nine birds are practically allopatric. The four closely allied birds in East Africa, which produce fertile hybrids very freely in captivity, seem nowhere actually to meet in nature. Certain vegetation types, especially Brachystegia‐Isoberlinia woodland, appear to be an effective barrier, for reasons not clear.
The culture of Tilapia Nigra (Gunther) in ponds III - The early growth of males and females at comparable stocking rates, and the length/weight relationship
(1960) Whitehead, P.J.; Van Someren, V.D.
At equivalent stocking rates under comparable pond conditions, isolated male Tilapia nigra show a faster growth rate than isolated females. This sexual dimorphism in growth is probably genetically controlled, and is also characteristic of the closely related species T. mossambica and others of this group. This superiority in male growth is the basis of the monosex culture technique, and probably occurs under all conditions. Length for length, isolated males also show a greater weight per fish than do mixed breeding fish.
Indigenous Chicken Production Manual
(Kenya Agriculture Research Institute, 2006) Ondwasy, H.; Wesonga, H.; Okitoi, L.; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute
Indigenous chicken farming has been described variously as backyard poultry rearing, rural poultry production or scavenging. For our purpose, any flock of chicken that are kept under free-range management and on which no selection of breeds or improvement by crossbreeding has been done is considered as a flock of indigenous chicken. Indigenous chicken lay between 8 and 15 eggs per clutch depending on availability of feed. They are broody and hatch about 80% of the eggs they sit on. They attain 2-3 clutches in a year.
Meat Production from Indigenous, Crossbred and Imported Poultry in Uganda
(1963) Trail, J. C. M.
Nine hundred cockerels of indigenous, Light Sussex X indigenous, Rhode Island Red X indigenous, Black Australorp X indigenous, White Leghorn X indigenous and three pure imported breeds were reared from day old to 5 months of age, and growth rates, food consumption, feed conversion, killing out percentages and costs of production measured at the 6 week and 20 week stages. The imported breeds gave the best results throughout, the Light Sussex X indigenous and Rhode Island Red X indigenous were superior to the indigenous, and the Black Australorp X indigeoous and White Leghorn X indigenouswere inferior to the indigenous. The production of meat from imported, Light Sussex X indigenous and Rhode Island Red X indigenous cockerels at 16 and 20 weeks of age was a profitable undertaking, but it was not possible to avoid incurring a loss in the rearing of indigenous, Black Australorp X indigenous and White Leghorn X indigenous birds.
The Poultry Farmers' Losses
(1939/1940) French, M. H.; Veterinary Laboratory, Mpwapwa, Tanganyika Territory
The financial losses incurred by poultry farmers are normally much higher than is generally realized, and at intervals may reach such proportions that not only do running expenses show a deficit, but large inroads are made into working capital through the decimation of flocks by disease. Even on farms that show a profit, such losses are often considered unavoidable and incidental to the business of breeding, hatching, rearing,and maintaining flocks of high egg-laying strains. I hope in this article to focus the attention of East African poultry keepers on some of their main sources of loss, and, by doing so, to indicate where a greater concentration of effort is most likely to be repaid.
Some Recent Terms and Tendencies in Bird Taxonomy
(1948) Moreau R.E
Of recent years it has been increasingly recognized that natural populations are more variable, and organisms more difficult to classify than they once seemed. The present mood is chastened. "No system of nomenclature and no hierarchy of systematic categories is able to represent adequately the complicated set of inter-relationships and divergences found in nature. Not even the most extreme splitting will ever lead to completely homogeneous categories" (Mayr 1942: 102). This dissatisfaction has led to a reconsideration of the criterion of infertility and also to the proposal of new taxonomic categories, which are here briefly reviewed. I am indebted to Dr. W. H. Thorpe, Mr. H. N. Southern and Mr. D. Lack for discussing this review with me.