Industrial Crops
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Item Coffee Board of Kenya Monthly Bulletins December 1976(1876) Michori, P. K.; Gatitu, G. M.; Kabaara, A. M.At the Coffee Research Station,Ruiru work done on phosphorus nutrition in Coffee has shown that the best method of application of phosphatic fertilizers is at the zone of maximum root activity (Patel et al, 1972),and that maximum phosphrous absorption by the coffee roots is achieved during the wet season (April/May). Greenhouse Studies with Coffee seedlings using sand culture methods have also shown that maximum growth occurs when phosphorus is applied at the rate of 50 of 100 ppm (Aduayi, 1972).Item Organic Manures(1930) Beckley, V.A.The need for organic manures in coffee planting has been realized by most planters; cereal farmers too are now awaking the fact that organic manures are required in their farming. Green manures are of great value and for benefit the soil, but in many cases especially in coffee planting, more intensive organic manuring is required. At the same time, green manuring must not be neglected in favour of farmyard and similar manures, the two should supplement each other.Item Coffee Board of Kenya Monthly Bulletin no. 3 1931(1931) Beckley, V.A.Shortly after the long rains ceased in 1930, a chlorotic condition became evident in coffee,especially in the Ruiru, Thika and Ithanga districts.Associated with the yellowing was a dyeing back of heavily laden branches.By many,this condition was elevated to the status of a new coffee disease: the “yellowing of coffee."Item The Root-System Of Coffea Arabica Pt. I. Root -Systems In Typical Soils Of British East Africa(1932) Nutman, F.J.THIS paper reports the results of an investigation of the root-system of coffee, carried out during 1932. It forms part of a pro gramme for the detailed investigation of the physiology and anatomy of the coffee tree, as laid down at the Amani Conference in 1931 [1]. Estates have been selected which represent the greater part of the areas under cultivated arabica coffee in Tanganyika, and at the same time show as wide a range of soil variation as possible. In addition, two areas in Kenya have been included for purposes of comparison. The data presented here are the results of field study only, and consequently the conclusions drawn from them must necessarily await experimental confirmation. In spite of this, it is thought advisable to publish this separate account of the field studies, since the subject has possible practical applications, and the necessary experimental work will be lengthy.Item A Bark Disease of Coffee in East Africa(1932) Storey, H.H.; East African Agricultural Research Station, AmaniA disease of the bark of young leader shoots of arabica coffee occurs in the Usambara Mountains of Tanganyika Territory. The disease may be important when “stumping” is practised in the regeneration of old plantations. A brown sunken lesion, formed of dead extra-cambial tissues, usually gradually extends and rings the shoots; after a period varying from a few days to several months after complete ringing the foliage above wilts and dies. A leaf spot is also due to the same cause. The fungus, Fusarium lateritium Nees var. longum Wr., among several isolated from lesions, has been shown to be capable of reproducing the disease by pure culture inoculation. A proportion of the experimental inoculations resulted in the ringing and death of the shoots; many of the lesions, however, after a time ceased to advance and became callused at the margin. Similar recoveries from the disease were observed in the field. Field observations and experiments demonstrated that a common mode of entry of the fungus into the stem tissues was through freshly exposed leaf scars, and occasionally from a leaf-spot down the petiole of a leaf. Many shoots also in the field became diseased as the result of the fungus passing to them through the tissues of a stump from the base of a dead shoot. Coffea arabica alone, of a number of coffee species tested, was susceptible to any extent to this disease. Excision of the affected bark of a stump was effective in checking the spread of the fungus through the stump. The operation, however, is not considered to offer a practicable means of control in the plantation.Item Some Factors in the Manuring of Coffee(1932) Beckley, V.A.During the past five or six years there has been a considerable increase in the use of both organic and artificial manures for coffee. In some cases, ' either there has been no evident response, or it has appeared that the application has been detrimenta1. A closer examination of the soil conditions in most of the cases has revealed the reason for the unsatisfactory results.Item Some East African Essential Oils(1934) Worsley, R.R.Le G.; East African Agricultural Research Station, Amani, Tanganyika TerritoryThis paper contains the results of investigations by the author on essential oil-bearing plants, indigenous and cultivated, growing in or around Amani. Amani itself is situated at an altitude of 3,000 ft. In the Usambara mountains, with an average annual rainfall of about 80 in. A casual inspection shows that there are very many plants indigenous to these parts which contain more or less essential oil, and only a comparatively small number have been examined, mainly those which showed some promise of value and were not too difficult to collect. The still that has been employed for nearly all the work was made locally by the author and is of 10 gallons capacity, being designed for passing in steam for a steam distillation or for heating directly with gas at the bottom. This still was made from a 10-gallon oil drum and has been found satisfactory in every way. When only small quantities of material were available ordinary laboratory glassware was employed.Item Notes on Cotton Breeding in Uganda(1935) Nye, G.W.In conclusion, it may be of interest to control. Mycological, entomological and record the details of some of the most botanical observations are made when, promising strains we have selected out. ever possible; distance rendering more Some of the most promising in the than two annual visits rather out of the Eastern Province are derivatives from question. At each centre a native observer, U+4.2, the original seed of which was stationed, who is in charge of the kindly supplied by Mr. Parnell from trial, and who takes rainfall and other South Africa. Unfortunately, the general meteorological observations. These ob, lint character of most of these selections servers are now being trained to make is below our standard, but in every other simple observations for Blackarm, Jassid respect they represent an enormous im, and Lygus attacks. The results from prevalent over the Nyasaland type. these district trials are very valuable, as There is no doubt whatsoever that if the they supply information as to the be' question of maintaining our quality was haviour of new varieties under diverse not so essential we could obtain an in, soil and climatic conditions. Naturally, crease in yield of at least 50 per Cent.Item Observations on Coffee in Kenya Pt. Ii. Vegetative Propagation of Coffee(1935) Gillett, S.ONE of the first things noticed in any coffee plantation in Kenya is the extremely variable population. This is due to the heterogeneous nature of seedling material; even that from a 'selfed' tree shows marked variations. There are two methods by which this variation could be overcome, by breeding and by vegetative propagation. The breeding of pure lines of coffee seed is very slow and entails many years' work covering several generations; it is therefore unsatisfactory. In consequence, some three years ago, our attention was drawn to the second method. At that time much success was being obtained with the reproduction by asexual means of other tropical crops, and it was considered that it might also be applied to C. arabica. It is here proposed to deal with the work which has been conducted to date.Item Types of Robusta Coffee and their Selection in Uganda(1935) Thomas, A. S.There are few species of plants which have received so many scientific names as have been bestowed on Robusta coffee. It has been shown by Chevalier that the correct name for this group of coffees should be Cotfea canephora Pierre. which was the name under which the species was first described: all the other names applied for forms of this coffee-C. ro~ busta, C. Laurentii, C. arabica var. Stuhlmanii, C. bukobensis, C. Maclaudi, C. ugandae-refer to varieties of the species. Not only do the forms differ on account of genetical reasons-a group of wild coffee in the forests usually comprises many different types-but also the appearance of anyone type will vary greatly according to environment: a plant which in the forest is tall. with large flat leaves and few flowers. when grown in the open may be stunted. with small furrowed leaves and many flowers; even on a single tree there may be great differences between the small. narrow leaves at the top of the tree in the light and the large broad leaves in the shade below.Item Vegetative Propagation of Coffee(1935) Gillett, S.The reproduction of coffee by asexual methods has attracted attention in other countries, notably Java, for many years. Unforeseen difficulties have occurred, and although experimentation has been in progress for over fifty years, it cannot be claimed that the practical advantages of this method of reproduction have been fully appreciated until recent years. It is only to,day that some of the earlier prob, lems are being elucidated, and it is ob, vious that a large field of work lies ahead of the research worker before many of the practical difficulties are solved and definite recommendations can be made.Item The Ecology of Coffee Plantations(1935) Kirkpatrick, T. W.; University of South FloridaIt is true that practical application to the control of insect pests of the knoledge so far gained on the climatic conditions in coffee plantations is in many cases at present impossible. This is largely due to our existing ignorance as to what exactly are the optimum conditions for the majority of insects. It is. however. suggested that it is no longer accurate for anyone. whether planter or entomol~ogist. to say. "The causes of such and such an outbreak are climatic. and therefore nothing can ever be done about it."Item Tea Cultivation in the Southern Highlands of Tanganyika(1935) Davies, R. M.Item Observations on Coffee in Kenya(1935) Beckley, V.A.Coffea arabica, has been grown in the Highlands of Kenya for a good many years, but it is only during the past seven or eight years that it has been possible for any concerted scientific observations to be made on the real cultural side of coffee-growing. The information accumulated during these years has shown us that coffee is a crop that is capable of adapting itself to widely divergent conditions and behaving differently under each set.Item Coffee Fermentation(1935) McClelland, T.L.The subject of fermentation of coffee is occupying much of our time and thoughts at the present moment, as one invariably hears the statement that it is quality we want, and this is bound up chiefly in preparation. Although fermentation is a general practice in this country it is still in its infancy as far as its effect on quality of coffee is concerned. I say this unreservedly, as even to-day many workers on the subject throughout the coffee-growing world are still not convinced that fermentation is necessary to quality.Item Progress Report on Elgon Dieback of Coffee(1935) Thorold, C.A.Elgon Dieback is particular prevalent in coffee farms on the slopes of Mount Elgon, but may also occur in other districts, for want a better, this name is retained for the present, and is preferable to the use of the term anthracnose. It will be shown later that anthracnose fungi are not characteristically associated with this diseaseItem Observations on Coffee in Kenya(1935) Beckley, V.A.Coffee, Coffea arabica, has been grown in the Highlands of Kenya for a good many years, but it is only during the past seven or eight years that it has been possible for any concerted scientific observations to be made on the real cultural side of coffee-growing. The information accumulated during these years has shown us that coffee is a crop that is capable of adapting itself to widely divergent conditions and behaving differently under each set.Item Preliminary Notes on the Soil Erosion Demonstration at the Coffee Research Station, Lyamungu, Moshi(1935) By the Staff.The demonstration consists of a series of eight adjacent plots, each 100 feet (down the slope) by 14 feet 9 inches, or approximately one,thirtieth of an acre,on a uniform slope of I in 6. The land was in heavy (probably virgin) bush up to March, 1934Item The Coffee Board of Kenya Monthly Bulletin April 1936(1935) Coffee Board Of KenyaOne thing that is certain however. is that the lesser known plant elements such as Manganese. Iodine, Boron, Iron, Zinc, Copper, etc .• are to be found in manures of natural origin, and if you are not satisfied that your crops are receiving the plant food which nature ordained they should receive, and that in consequence both flavour and quality may be suffering, we invite you to consider our time-proved Product of organic natureItem Coffee Investigational Work .The Report of the Senior Coffee Officer, Kenya, for 1935(1935) Kenya Agricultural Research Institute; Waters, H.B.; Tothil, J.D.; Harrison, E.; Findlay, A.J.The rainfall recorded at the Scott Agricultural Laboratories for the year was 36.20 inches. This is an increase of 10.88 inches over the previous year and 2.49 inches below the average for the past ten years.
