Horticulture
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Item Acute Die-back of Clove Trees in the Zanzibar Protectorate(Annals of Applied Biology, 1952) Nutman, F. J.; Roberts, F. M.; Clove Research Scheme, ZanzibarThe most widespread die-back of clove trees (Eugenia aromatica) in the Zanzibar Protectorate is caused by Cryptosporella eugeniae sp.nov. The most noticeable symptom is the death of a branch or a portion of a branch, or, in young saplings, of the entire tree; in mature trees infection eventually leads to the semi-moribund trees now common in almost every clove plantation. The fungus invariably enters through a wound, most often one resulting from harvest damage. Pycnidia, and later perithecia, develop near the point of entry. Internally the infected wood is clearly distinguishable from the healthy by a dark red-brown stain.Item Aegilops X Secale Hybrids: the Production and Cytology of Diploid Hybrids(1971) Majisu, B.N.; Jones, J.K.Hybrids between four diploid species of Aegilops and species of Secale were obtained by using embryo culture. There was a marked incompatibility in the crosses between Secale species and each of the four species in Section Sitopsis of Aegilops and Ae. mutica. It is suggested that this genetic incompatibility with Secale species is an additional similarity between these species of Aegilops and the diploid species of Triticum.Item Agri-business Development Support Project (ADSP) July-Sept 1999(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 1999) Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteWorkshop at Eldoret - About 60 farmers received training in two-day workshop held on 24th and 25th June 1999 in horticulture - fruits, vegetables, and flower production, crop protection, post-harvest handling, marketing, and breeder rights. Workshop at Masongaleni (Kibwezi) - About 32 farmers received training in a two day workshop held on 16th and 17th September 1999 in horticulture - mango, citrus, banana, papaya, and Asian vegetable production, crop protection, mango grafting, and papaya plants raising.Item Agri-business Development Support Project(ADSP) October-December 2001(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 2001) Kenya Agricultural Research InstituteThe purpose is to commercialize new superior varieties and crop management technologies to contribute to increased yield and income at the farm level. During the quarter, the following activities were carried out: 13 fruit farmers (8 men and 5 women) were trained in nursery and orchard management and 70 pamphlets on mango production distributed to equip the farmers with the required knowledge to established nurseries and undertake mango production as a commercial enterprises. The training was done in Meru and Kibwezi. Two varieties Apples and Ngowe established in commercial plots in Meru and Kibwezi. A workshop on post harvest handling processing and utilization of banana and passion fruit was held on 26th October, 2001 in Kihara and Kangema. 360 farmers and traders were trained.Item Agro-Techniques for Possible Domestication of Gongronema Latifolium(1995) Onuora, N.; Ugbaja, R. A. E.GongrOIMlltl Iotifolium ('Utazi') is among the most important economic indigenous vegetable crops in the humid tropical area of South Eastern Nigeria (Okigbe, 1985). It is a perennial climber which grows wild and semi-wild. The edible parts are the stem and leaves which are very nutritious and have medicinal value. The leaves could be eaten raw or used as a spice/flavouring agent for soup, stew and salad (Ugbaja and Omalike, 1991).Item An Attempt to Reduce the Cost of Pyrethrum Aerial Sprays against Glossina Swynnertoni Aust. In Savannah Woodland(1972) Tarimo, C. J.; Parker, J.D.; Kahumbura, J.MAn air spray experiment carried out with percent synergized pyrethrum in power kerosene against Glossina swynnertoni Aust. and Glossina pallidipes Aust. in savannah woodland indicated that pyrethrum might be used effectively and economically to control tsetse from the air (Tarimo et a 1971b). The cost per hectare after three applications of the pyrethrum formulation was £0.3848 (£99.7 per square mile), but it was felt that the cost might be lowered either by using a lower concentration of the spray formulation or by extending the swath width. In this experiment, an attempt was made to reduce the cost by using a lower concentration of the pyrethrum formulation.Item The Banana Weevil and Its Control(1957) Whalley, E.S; Department of Agriculture, UgandaMany accounts have been published on the banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidlls Germar). These have varied from notes of its arrival in a country to details of life history and control measures (e.g. Jepsom (1914) Froggatt (1928), Ghesquiere (1926), Leonard (1931), and Cuille (1950). Harris (1947) gives an account of this pest in East Africa with details of distribution, life history and control measures. The present account is intended to supplement his paper.Item Camphor Production in East Africa from Cinnamonum Camphora(1946) Hill, A.G.GWhen asked in 1941 to design, erect and operate a factory for the manufacture .of camphor, an essential war-time commodity urgently needed in Britain to replace Japanese supplies, little information could be found on the subject beyond that contained in the references given at the end of this article, none of which dealt with the design, or running, of a full sized factory producing 1,500 to 2,000 lb. of solid camphor per week, which was our aim. For this reason it is thought that the following description of the design and working of the war-time camphor factory erected at Lushoto,Tanganyika, by this Institute in 1941-maybe of value to those interested in the possibility of developing a camphor industry in those parts of the world where Cinnamonum camphora,the Chinese or Japanese camphor tree, will thrive.Item The "Canker" Or "Black Leg" Disease of Cabbages and Cauliflowers(1951) Nattrass, R.M.The disease of cabbages and cauliflower caused by the fungus phoma lingram (Fr.) Desm .known a. ''Canker'' in Britain and as "Black leg:' in the United States and elsewhere, has long been present in Europe. An early description of the fungus appeared in Germany in (791 and it was described as a disease of cultivated BNJukos in France in 18411. II was established in Australia and New Zealand by 1987 and was first reported in the United States in 1911. In South Africa the disease is recorded as occurring in Natal in 1913 and in the United States in 1911 it did not reach Kenya until 1944, when damage was caused to cabbages being grown for seed at an altitude of 7,700 feet. There is a little doubt that the fungus was brought to Kenya in consignment of seed from abroad.Item Collapsible Vegetable and Fruit Crate(October,1944) Childs, A.H.B.; Department of Agriculture, Tanganyika territoryThe main object of the crate is to save space on the railways, when returning empties. Two collapsed crates take up the same amount of room as one erect one. If desired the crate can be taken to pieces, and returned at a cheaper rate. The crate described below has been found to be a convenient size for handling, it has approximately the same capacity as a petrol box. The internal dimensions are l'8" x 1'3" x 10". The, weight if made of podocarpus is between 7 and 8 kilos, if of mvule between 10 and 12 kilos, and it will contain 20 to 22 kilos of tomatoes or oranges. It has also been used for packing other varieties of vegetables such as carrots, green beans, peas, chillies, leeks, etc. For varieties such as turnips and beetroot a larger crate of similar design has been used.Item Commiphora Jacq. (Burseraceae )-Englerian Species which disappear(1972) Gillett, J.B.; East African HerbariumIn attempting to revise any part of Commiphora many difficulties arise. These are in part due to the nature of the plants and the difficulty of obtaining complete material showing male and female (or hermaphrodite) flowers, leaves, fruit and bark; in part to the destruction of many types in the air raid on Berlin in 1943; and in part to the practice of describing species from inadequate, often sterile, material adopted by both the two chief workers on the genus, A. Engler and E. Chiovenda. A fourth type of difficulty is that certain names published by Engler simply disappear and are not mentioned in works where they would normally be expected to occur.Item Composition and Nutritive Value of Pulp and Seeds in the Fruit of the Baobab(1943/1944) French, M.HThe baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) is found growing over a large proportion of the Africa continent, and is a characteristic feature of the landscape of much of this Territory. The fruit of the baobab varies somewhat in shape but is usually oblong, or marrow' shaped, and up to a foot in length and about four inches in diameter.Item Control of Fusarium Wilt of Tomatoes Using Soil Amendments(1995) Waudo, S. W.; Owino, P. O.; Kuria, M.Fusarium wilt of tomatoes caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc) Snyd and Hans was first described in Channel Islands (Walker, 1950). Today the disease is widely distributed in warm regions of the world. The first symptoms of the disease are clearing of veinlet of young leaves and epinasty (Foster, 1946). At its advanced stage plants become chlorotic (particularly lower leaves), wilt and defoliate prematurely. 1n addition, there are rotting of feeder roots, leaf marginal necrosis, generally poorly developed root system, occasional formation of adventitious roots, browning of the vascular system and rotting and dropping off of leaves without becoming spotted (David and Diamond, 1954; Winstead and Walker, 1954; Waggoner and Diamond, 1955). Most of the symptoms appear on one side of the stem and progress upward until the plant dies (Agrios. 1978).Item The Control of Tomato diseases: Preliminary Results on the Control of late Blight of Tomatoes in Arusha, Tanzania(1978) Bujulu, J.; Gwandu, A.; Mero, H.N.Among the most popular vegetable fruits is the tomato. Its worldwide Popularity lies in its outstanding flavor particularly when eaten raw or mixed With other vegetables. It also mixes well with meat, fish and other vegetables when preparing sauce and soups.Item Crossing of Food Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.):Influence Of Hormone Treatment, Relative Humidity and Flower Bud Removal(1978) Van R: heenen H. A.Two Cultivars’ Of The Common Bean {Phaseolus Vulgaris L.), GLP-Ll And GLP-707 Were Crossed During Four Subsequent Days. Application Of The Chemicals Lanoline Potassium Gibbereljate And Naphthalene Acetamide To A Little Cut In The Calyx, And Of Potassium Gibberellate Solution To The Stigma, As 'Well As Surrounding The Flower Buds And Flowers With Moist Glass-Wool Failed To Improve The Crossing Results, But Removal, Of Flower Buds Not Used For Crossing Increased ,Pod Set By 138 Percent And The Number Of Seeds Produced By 135 Percent. The Latter Method Is Recommended For Crossing Programmes.Item Cultivation of Papaw and Production of Papain(1943/1944) Sanders, F.R.Papain is a product obtained from the pawpaw or papaya (Carica papaya L). Ceylon and adjacent countries are the most important producers of papain, although some is produced in the West Indies, particularly in Jamaica and Trinidad, while in recent years the production of this article has been taken up in Tanganyika, chiefly in the Northern Province. Much of the production from the West Indies was shipped to the United States, which in prewar years also imported considerable quantities from Japan (26,000 lb. in 1939). The bulk of the papain produced in Ceylon is marketed in Europe.Item Current Notes(1938)Woodiness" has been observed in the majority of established plantations in the Trans Nzoia and Sotik, and it gives every indication of becoming the Kenya producers biggest problem. There is no "cure" for the disease, and therefore it behaves planters to take every possible step to prevent its introduction. "Woodiness" is caused by a virus and, apart from the well-known woody, misshapen fruits, is characterized by the usual symptoms of virus disease. Anyone acquainted with virus' in potatoes will have no difficulty in recognizing infected vines even in the absence of woody fruits. The leaves, particularly in the region of the terminal shoots, are generally smaller than usual and twisted or puckered; also there is a pale mottling in the normal green colour of the leaves. These foliage symptoms can be recognized in seedlings. It is essential in the first place to select seed from old healthy vines and thereafter to carry out a rigorous inspection of the seedlings in the nursery. Infected plants must be removed immediately; this must be done weeks rest before replanting a selected healthy seedling. This note is intended to warn prospective passion fruit growers that the control of "woodiness" must begin before the vines are planted out.Item Cyanocenesis in Passion Fruit Detection and Quantification of Cyanide in Passion Fruit (Passiflora Edulis Sims) At Different Stages of Fruit Development(1976) Gondwe, A. T. D.The synthesis of compounds capable of liberating hydrocyanic acid upon hydrolysis (Cyanogenesis) is widespread in the plant kingdom. These compounds, collectively known as cyanogens, occur in such diverse plant families as Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, Polypodiaceae, Saxifragaceae, Olacaceae,Gramineae. Schrophulariaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Mimosaceae, Taxaceae, Proteaceae, Euphorbiaoeae, and the two closely related familiesFlacourtiaceae and Passifloraceae (Conn, 1973).Some of the cyanogenic members of the above families are important food crops, and it is important that the cyanogenic nature of such crop plants be well understood to guard against any potential hazards arising from Improper processing and consumption.Item Defoliation of crops by a Gemmiferous fungus(1949) Wallace, G.B ; Department of Agriculture, Tanganyika TerritoryThe disease described in this article is of particular interest to farmers at the higher elevations where the climate is wet and cold for prolonged periods. Under such conditions tea, coffee and eucalyptus have been found infected, while the wide range of less important Plants also attacked would indicate that the majority of broad leaved crops are potential host plants. So far the disease has only been observed in two of the higher parts of the Southern Highlands Province and on one plantation at the east end of the West Usambara Mountains, both in Tanganyika Territory, but its range may be much widerItem Derris or Tuba Root(1940) Worsley, R. R.Derris root is one of the most powerful insecticides known, but is harmless to man and animals. It does not possess the rapid "knockout “power of pyrethrum, but weight for weight its eventual killing power is greater. It is finding increased commercial use in household sprays (mixed with pyrethrum), in fruit sprays, and in cattle dips; the powdered root is also much used for dusting purposes.
